Week 6 Flashcards
By age 12 how much have females attained of their adult height
93%
By age 12 how much have males attained of their adult height
84%
Which gender is ahead in terms of growth
Females
What are sex differences in skeletal and muscular maturation
Females are better coordinated but slower and somewhat weaker than males
How does the brain develop at this age
Further myelinization in the frontal lobes (logic and planning) and reticular formation (selective attention becomes possible)
What happens to health promotion at this age
Get’s lost at this age
What are some health promotion aspects at this age
Immunization HPV and Hep B if you missed it at infancy
Injury( injury related mortality increases with age and is higher for males than females)
Motor vehicle more than 1/2 of fatal injuries are due to motor vehicle crashes ( next most common is drowning)
How many canadians between the age of 5-11 have unhealthy body weights
1/4
How much are females and males considered to be overweight at 5-11
14% males
19% females
How much of males and females are considerd to be obese at 5-11
8% males
9% females
What are some factors that result in obesity
Genetic predisposition
Epigenetic modifications set early in life
Enviornment
Lower ses is a higher risk
Why is weight loss risky in this group
Requries specalized diets developed by nutritional experts and increased exercise (they are grwoing if you decrease caloric intake it can be bad
What are obesity risk factors
Overweight parents
Larger size for gestation age at birth
Early onset of being overweight (age of 5 and under)
What is the correlation between food insecurity and obesity
Obesity isnt an excess issue
If women are more likely to be food insecure and overweight goes down into families
Stronger for women
Higher # of food insecure children
Canada doesnt have food programs at our school
Children can’t learn mazo
How many people in the 10 provinces lived in a food insecure household and how many children
18.4% and 1.8 million children
What are some new cognitive skills that have developed at this age
Horizontal decalage (apply new cognitive skills to all kinds of problems learn something apply it to different things)
Emergence of problems solving rules from experince and trial and error ( not necessarily age linked)
Vertical declarge ( same skill to different contexts)
What is the relationship between horizontal decalage and conservation
Conservation applies to just matter ( matter can change in apperance without changing in quality) whereas horizontal decalage is broader and can apply to any cognitive function
What is automaticity at this age
Ability to recall information from long-term memory without using short term memory capacity
Riding a bike
Shoelaces
Orginzation memory
What is expertise
More knowledge an individual has about a topic the more efficient thier information processing system will work advanced skills in one area does not improve general levels of memory or reasoning
What is elaboration in information processing
Finding shared meaning or a common referent for two or more things that need to be remebered
What is mnemonic
A devise to assist memory (every good boy deserves fudge)
What is systematic searching
Scanning ones memory for the whole domain in which a peice of information might be found
How many words do kids learn per year at this tage
5000-10000
When do kids start to realize there is structure to words
8 to 9 figuring out relationships between whole categories of words such as between adjectives and adverbs or between adjectives and nouns
What is the balanced approach to literacy
Reading instruction that combines explicit phonics (sound letters make) instruction with other strategies for helping children acquire literacy
Why is it hard to idenitfy poor readers
Kids will start to memorize and strategies teachers assume they are good readers some are really struggling to read
What are the 3 components to emotional intelligence
Awareness of our own emotions; ability to express our emotions appropriately, capacity to channel our emotions into the pursuit of worthwhile goals
Does emotional intelgience need to be taught
YES
What is an assumption about EI that is not true
That everyone can learn it
It isn’t an inborn talent its from education
What is achievement vs aptitude
Achievment asses specific information learned in school(midterm) and apitude is the ability to learn (cell project)
What is wrong with achievment test
they may not measure what child learns in school they could have learned that skill at home
What are sex differences in education and what does it say about our school system
Females tend to do better in all subjects but espically science and math
This can be damaging towards boys as this is geared towards females result in an enviormental factor
It is the way that we are taught you learn to sit down and be quiet
Why are there group differences
Could be due to learning style-
What is analytical learning style
Tendency to focus on the details of the task- sutis the school system
What is relational learning style
tendency to ignore the details of the task in order to focus on the big picture
What is the root cause of ADHD
It is unknown but twin studies suggest a genetic basis premature birth is a risk factor and it is not likely due to the environment, diet or brain damage
What are some characteristics of ADHD
Higher activity level
Lower ability to sustain attention and control impulses
Why were kids misdiagonsed with ADHD
because they didnt just sit and fir into that tradtional mold
What stage are we ate for Erikson
Industry vs inferiority
Development of a child’s sense of competence through mastery of culturally defined learning tasks
What is the stage at for Bandura
Reciprocal Determinism
The interaction of personal behavioural and environmental factors provides insight into the mechanisms that drive the development of self-efficacy
Child can’t read they act out teacher gets mad and the cycle continues behaviour environment all interact
What is self concept like at 6-12
Child moves through the concrete operational periods, the psychological self becomes more complex more comparative less tied to external features and more centred on feelings and ideas more social comparssion happens
What is self-esteem
The evaluation of ones own self worth compared to others
What are trends with self esteem
Tends to be stable in short term but somewhat less so over periods of several years during middle childhoos and adolescnece
What is growth mindset
Even if you struggle with certain skills your abilities are not set in stone
what did you try today
can improve through effect leraning and persistance
What is learning
Just a set of faliures
What is meaningulness
Children need to be more than just passive learners when teachers and children learn together share decisions and respect and trust one another children and teachers develop a stronger sense of who they are as humans in the world
What is social cognition like at this age
Children have deceloped a much broader understanding of others than they possessed at the beginning
Moral aspects of social relationships
differences are good
What is moral reasoning
The process of making judgments about the rightness or wrogness of specific acts(piaget)
What is moral realism
The belief that rules are inflexible (first stage of moral development)
What is moral relativism
Understnad that many rules can be changed through social agreement
What are parental expectations
As sef regulation grows parents allow children more indpendence
How do you parent for self regulation
Parents model self regulation behaviour, higher ecpectations + parental monitorning= greater self regulatory competence,
What parenting style is associated with development of self regulation
Authoritavie
When are patterns in self regulation observed
In all culture and by age 3
What are male friendship groups like
Bigger and more accepting of newcomers
More outdoor playe roam a larger area
Focused on competiotion and dominance and higher levels of competition between pairs of friends than strangers
What are female friendship groups like
More likely to play in paris or in small more exclusive groups
More playtime indoors or near home or school
more agreement more compliance and more self discolosure
higher levels of competion between stranger that nfriends
What happend with covid 19 and social skills
Kids lost there social skills and created a significant negative impact in the well being of individuals with deterioration in mental health
What are the 3 groups of social status
popular
rejected
neglected
What are the popular group like
attractive children, physical larger
What about the rejected and neglected group
Different
Shy children have few friends
highly creative children are often rejected
difficulty controlling their emotions
can also be rejected in pairs
What is social staus have an impact now
Childrens social behaviour seems to be more important than looks or remperment
What are turn key kids
Children who are home by themselves after school for an hour or more
Poorlya djusted in peer relationships and school performance
Children younger than 10 dont have the right mindset to sense danger
has the biggest impact on low income kids
How many children had phones by 14
45%
What are some disadvanges of having cell phones at a young age
Poorer sleep
Increased anxiety and depression
poor academic outcomes
How many teens are receving sexts
1 in 4
How many teens send sexts
1 in 7
How many teens forward sexts without consent
1 in 10
How many teens have had sexts sent forwared without ther consent
1 in 12
What is short term learning at this age
Digrames
Models
Pcitures
Analogies
Fun
What is long term learning at this age
role models
responsibility
