Week 5 Flashcards
Are physical changes in 6-8 year olds impressive
They are more difficult to observe directly the physical changes in middle childhoood are just as impressive
How much do 6-8 year olds grow
5cm to 8cm in height and 2.75kg each year
What is some other motor development in early childhood
Large muscle coordination continues to improve children show increase in strength and speed and hand-eye coordination also gets better
What fine motor skill improve
Writting possible as well as drawing cutting and many other skills ( using a pair of scissors)
What may link the improvement in fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination
Steady increase in myelinization of neural axons across the cebral cortex with sensory and motor areas affected first
What are some things that increase with the right hemisphere lateralization
Spatial perception
L/R
Relative right-left orientation improves (more dominant)
Spatial cognition- males score better than females on spatial orientation (boys early play preferences may enhance this ability)
Visual experience
How many overweight children become overweight adults
1/2
What are overweight and obese children more predisposed to
Developing type 2 diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease later in life
What is the major flaw with BMI
Doesn’t take in account athletes they do not apply to everybody
Doesn’t discriminate between muscle and fat
Why do we still use BMI
Easy and cheap
For surgery
Acurate 80% of the time
How many children fail to meet the recommended daily duration of PA
1/4
How many exceed the sedentary behaviour limit
37%
How much screen time or other passive non school related activites should kids this age get
no more than 2 hours
What happend to PA during covid
You had to physical education on your own time there was a decrease in PA females more than male
Also more screen time males more than females
How many grade difference did covid create
3 full grades
Which province had most days remote schooling
Ontario
What were some discourse around COVID and families
We are all in this together
Social distancing/Physical distancing
Resilience
What are the 7 Cs of resilience
Compentence
Confidence
Coping
Control
Character
Connection
Contribution
What is the problem with applying this conceptualization of resilience to school aged children
Empathy is hard
Not prioritizing these things
In/out of their control
What are they actually capable of doing as a child
To survive you still need outside things
What were some of the findings of the solar study
Resilience on a continuum
Surviving: Fighting back
Persevering: You keep trying
Recovering: keep trying and then we do it
Thriving: working hard
What was it that kids say about the solar study
All the kids wanted was to have a friend with the interview
What stage are they at in piaget
Concrete operational stage
What is decentration
thinking that takes multiple variables into account
What is reversibility
Understand that both physical actions and mental operations can be reversed
What is increased inductive or deductive logic
Inductive allows the child to go from specific experience to a general principle but deductive logic is still not strong
What is an example of decentration
Perspective is everything different people see different things on a picture
What is reversibility
Things can change they can be multiple things or reverse back and forth
What are information processing skills
Memory function continues to improve and processing efficiency increases steadily with age (ability to make efficient use of short-term memory capacity)
What are executive processes
advancement in information processing skills that involves devising and carrying out strategies for remembering and solving problems based on knowing how the mind works
Does executive process improve
Yes with the use of common information processing strategies knowing how their mind works
What is reherasal
Mental or vocal repetition
What is organization
Grouping ideas objects or words into cluster to help rember them ( all animals, ingredients for lasagna) more applical to knowledge you have experince with
How dose language look like at this age
basic grammar is mastered by 5/6 and pronunciation is native language things they say incorrectly they fix now
Expansion- children learn to maintain the topic of conversation, creating unambiguous sentence and speak politely or persuasively
What is pragmatics
Language in context
What is phonetics
Classification of speech
What is phonolgy
Sounds
What is morpholgy
Study of words and how they are formed
What is syntax
study of arrangement of words and phrases
What is semantics
The meaning and relaionship of words
What is the focus of eduacation in the 6-12 age
Reading and writing
What are some skills that help with reading and writting
Phonological awarenesss (you need to be taught)
Learning about meaningful word parts (nouns,verbs,adj
What are comprehension strategies for reading and writting
Sound-symbol connection
gramaer and wirting techniques
What happend during covid with reading
They fell behind and its hard to catch them up when it all builds on each other
What are the 8 forms of intelligence of gardner
- Lingusitic
- Logical/mathematical
3.Musical
4.Spatial - Bodily/kinsethetic ( move in a cordinated way)
- Naturalist
- Interpersonal
- Intrapersonal
What are strenbergs 3 components of intelligence
- Contextual- knowing the right behaviour for a specific situation
- Experiental- learning to give specific responses without thinking about them
- componential- ability to come up with effective strategies
Why is there no agrement on the measurement of intelligence
Fluid- problem solving-case studies
Crystalized- accumulation of knowldge
Are there difference in Iq for males and females
NO
How much of a population is Canada will experience a learning problem
10%
If they struggle when they are young will the struggle when they are older
yes
Whar is an exceptional child
A child who has special learning-needs students with disabilites and gifted students don’t fall in the middle
What are program accommodation
Adjustments of teaching methods to help the child who has special needs achieve the outcomes of the standard curriculum ( stay interested not drop out)
Whats the problem with modified programs and IEPS
You cant fall into both and some people dont fall into either
What is personality in freud at this age
Form emotional bonds with peers (move beyond those with parents)
What are some aspects about personality at this age
The big five
Stable
Related to competnece also a feeling of compentence
What are the big five about personality
Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticsim
What is openness
Degree of intellectual curiousty creativity and a prefrence for novelty
What is conscientiousness
Tendency to be organized and dependeble
What is extraversion
Tendency to seek the compant of others and talk
What is agreeableness
measure of one trusting and helpful nature
What is neuroticism
Predisopostion to psycological stress
What erikson stage are we at
Industry vs inferiority develop a sence of your own competence through the mastery of cultrually define learning tasks ( mastery helps them move through this stage)
What ushers in industry vs inferiority
Ability to plan-executive function (studying, planning,memory)
By the end of middle childhood what are the two components of self concept
- Psychological self
- Valued self
What is psychological self
Understaning one stable internal traits
becomes complex and abstract
development of self efficacy
“ I am kind”
‘ i am helpful”
What is valued self
global evaluation of ones self worth
you have erroding self-esteem stable in short terms but over periods of several years it is less
Comparing it to there peers see an erosion of self esteem
To children understand others better at this age and what else changes in social cognition
Yes by theory of mind
descrptions of people from concrete to abstract starts 6/7by focusing on physical features
6/8 inner qualties and traits
What is family relationships like at this age
rely on their parents pressence support and affections depsite spending less time with them
What does having meals together the best predictor of
Better academic sucess
Fewer behavioural problems
better psychological adujustement(teen use)
Better nutrtion( in teen years)
What are the five stages of friendship
- momentary physical interaction (play together but like dosent have there back its just easy)
- One way assistance ( they do nice things for you bargaing happens and kids will put up with negative behaviour just to have a friend)
- Fair weather cooperation (someone who returns a favor worried about fitting in something nice will be done in return)
- Inirmate and mutal sharing ( friend is someone you can tell things you wouldnt tell anyone else do nice things just cuz u like them)
- Autonomus interdepence ( a friend is omeone who accepts you and that you accept as they are can share friends)
What are some problems with bullying
No great programs for bullying
Consequences are signifciant
It is a health issue
Mental health issues dont dissaper
Dont see interventions to target bullies parents are desfensice about there kid but also themselves label the child as anything becomes a prophecey they belileve it about themselves
Why cant kids just be resilieant with bullying
self esteem is shrunk cant just be resliant
Do they have the internal and external resources to be resileant
Enviorment needs to exist to be resilance
What are patterns to watch for in aggression
Becomes less common learn the cultural rules about when and how much is acceptable to display anger and aggression a
at every age male show more than femials ( cultural thing teach boys to be tougher media and culture)
what gender is relational agression more common in
it is aimed at damaging anothers elf-esteem or peer realtiionships more coomon in females
Does TV violence lead to high amounts of direct physical agreesion in adults of both genders and inderct agression in females
Yes
What does Tv violence lead to
Emotional desentization regarding violecene
A belief that agression is a godo way to solve problems
Reduction is pro social behaviour
What should tv be considered as
An educational medium psoitve and negative behaviours can be learned
What does short term learning look like
Diagrams
Models
Pictures
Peers
Analogies
Fun
What does long term learning look like
Role models
Responsibility
Wanting to become big kids
