Week 9 - Self/Body Image & Psychosis Flashcards
What are the 3 components to “self-concept”?
1) self-image
2) self-esteem
3) ideal self
What is the critical visual methodology?
Visual meaning made at 3 sites:
1) image production
2) the image itself
3) site of audiencing
What is PCOS?
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hormone IMBALANCE/irregular periods
Excess hair growth
Weight gain
Infertility
What’s an explanation of body dysmorphia?
What’s the DSM-V TR criteria?
Constantly feeling or believing that there’s something WRONG with how you LOOK
DSM-V TR criteria:
1) preoccupation with perceived deficits/flaws in appearance not/slightly appear to others
2) repetitive behavior/mental acts
3) preoccupation causes significant clinical distress
4) appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns w body fat or weight meeting eating disorder criteria
What is some treatment of body dysmorphia?
1) cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
2) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s)
What is psychosis?
A condition in which people have difficulty distinguishing what is REAL and what is NOT REAL
Hallucinations
Delusions
What are hallucinations?
Often associated with MENTAL ILLNESS or neurological illness
CAN be induced in healthy people too
Can distinguish between “true hallucinations” and pseudo-hallucinations (where the person is aware that what they are experiencing is NOT real)
Can occur in any sensory modality
True or false. Seem to grow less common with development
True
Childhood 17%
adolescence 7.5%
Adulthood 5%
What are auditory voice hallucinations?
More typical symptom of psychosis
NEGATIVE OR COMMANDING tone
Simple, sporadic, transient extremely common in pop
“phantom”
True or false. More complex hallucinations are common in people w/out psychosis or neurological illness
False
They’re UNCOMMON in people w/out psychosis or neurological illness
What is the “hearing voices movement”?
Hearing voices can be part of the human experience…
Etc…
What are delusions?
Beliefs which are POORLY/NOT at all justified by evidence or reason, persist despite evidence
Can be MONOTHEMATIC (following a single theme), or polythematic (following many themes)
Psychosis can be a ________ of many different conditions
Symptom
What is schizophrenia?
What are the (+) and (-) symptoms?
Most prevalent condition with PSYCHOSIS as a central feature
(+) symptom: the present of an experience/behaviour that people don’t typically DON’T show
Ex) hallucinations and delusions
(-) symptom: the lack of an experience/behaviour that people typically DO show
Ex) social withdrawal and poverty of speech
What are some psychomotor symptoms?
People with schizophrenia often present with CATATONIA (abnormal movements or immobility)
Can develop into…
Malignant catatonia (life-threatening)
Patients with schizophrenia sometimes report that their thoughts and actions are happening _____ __ ______ _______ or that they are _________ _________ by another person or entity
What’s a possible explanation of this?
Out of their control (avolition)
Being controlled (delusion of control/alien control)
——————————————————————————-
Is that patients may have a sensorimotor disorder which makes them UNABLE to predict the outcome of their movements
Since they are PRONE to delusion, they may rationalize false explanations for the movement
How does schizophrenia typically progress?
Some patients recover __________, most will have ________ symptoms
Prodomal phase —> active phase —> residual phase
—————————————————————————
Completely; residual
True or false. People with schizophrenia tend to have experience lifelong social difficulties, even after recovery
True
Condition typically arises in young adulthood
Amongst people that have been diagnosed with schizophrenia…
(Give some other common disorders)
• 15% also have panic disorder
• 29% also have posttraumatic stress disorder
• 23% also have obsessive-compulsive disorder
• 50% of patients also have depression
• 47% of patients also have a history of substance abuse
What is some treatment for psychosis?
1) people are often hospitalized (can be full or partial)
2) assisted living (some require supervision for a living), can also be permanent to temporary
3) medications generally act on DOPAMINE, tend to act quicker on (+) symptoms
4) cognitive remediation/cognitive reinterpretation (CBT)
5) community (assertive community)
6) family approaches (psychoeducation)
What is the problem with 1st generation anti-psychotics?
RISK of inducing movement disorders (ex. Parkinson’s)
HOWEVER
2nd generation drugs are generally prescribed as first line treatment, but RISK of weight gain/metabolic dysfunction
What are some causes of psychosis? (4)
1) genetics
2) dopamine hypothesis (most effective drugs act on dopamine)
3) misinterpretation hypothesis (misinterpret sensations, attribute them to external forces)
4) dissociation hypothesis (hallucinations could be a consequence of dissociation)
How do psychosis and trauma intertwine?
Symptoms of PTSD often have psychotic characteristics
Ex) vivid flashbacks
Relationship b/w childhood trauma and hallucinations
***MORE TRAUMA = INCREASED PREVALENCE
