Week 2 - History Of Psychopathology Flashcards
What is trepanation?
Cranial surgery performed on people with mental illnesses, among their conditions (epilepsy etc..)
Seemed like they understood relationship about mental illness and the mind?
Biological model?
How did people in early Europe treat mental illnesses? (Greek and Roman civilizations)
HIPPOCRATES redefined mental illness in terms of NATURAL causes
Believed in trepanation
Imbalance of four fluids or HUMORS (yellow, black bile blood and phlegm)
How did people in the Middle Ages treat people with mental illnesses?
2 ways:
1) Depends on where you live/how bad the illness —-> treatment local doctor
Diet, excerise, blood-letting, vomiting
In “history of madness” Foucault described attitude towards the mental suprisingly enlightened
Patients generally cared for by relatives
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2) Demonology returns
Mass madness
Exorcism (devil/evil spirit)
Fear of witchcraft (burning at stake)
How did early modern practices treat people with a mental illness? (Start of renaissance)
Rise of the ASYLUMS
Confinement and punishment
14th century Spain started
Similar institutions created in Europe
Difficult to explain where it are from
Did early modern practices ever change?
Were dominanted by a moralistic model
In England people where confined to WORKHOUSES instead
Work was considered a MORAL GOOD (ill, criminal, poor, orphaned)
Compared to workhouse, “____________” were considered “______ ________” patients were separated from criminals or the ‘deserving poor’ and ‘allowed’ to focus on ‘recovery’
Asylums
More humane
The “moral treatment” of patients was advocated by doctors such as “_______ ________” and “________ _________”
William Turke
Phillipe Pinel
In the 19th century “______ ________” began to arise based on developments in “________, _________, and ________”
New models
Medicine, philosophy and sociology
True or false. Doctors began to realize infections/other diseases could cause psychological symptoms like syphillis
TRUE
Asylums continued to exist until the “______ _____ _______”
Late 20th century
Deinstutionalization began in 1980
Closed in 2002
Why did asylums mostly vanish in the late 20th century?
Development of effective PHARMACEUTICALS
Institutions developed reputation for ABUSE, unsanitary living conditions
Was EXPENSIVE, community care thought to be cheaper
Did everyone support deinstitutionalization?
“Revolving door psychiatry” patients keep getting previously admitted and discharged
Or patients find themselves LONELY or a BURDEN to family members w
Community care is effective when?
1) care is individualized
2) hospital care still available when needed
3) Patients retain some agency over their care
4) care is culturally relevant
5) “continuity of care” is achieved
Societies such as Egyptian, Chinese, and Hebrew did what sort of practice on people with mental illnesses?
Exorcism
Shaman or priest would conduct this
When early modern practices changed, were they a perfect system?
No
Shortly after the right of moral treatment there was a DECLINE
Overcrowding in hospitals become a major problem
New wave of prejudice against people with mental disorders
Late 19th poor immigrants arrived which society didn’t care about as much
