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EEO Final > week 9: posture to balance > Flashcards

week 9: posture to balance Flashcards

1
Q

Plumb line view from side:
________ to mastoid process
through ________ acromion process
________ to hip joint
_________ to knee
________ to lateral malleolus

A

anterior to mastoid
through anterior acromion process
posterior to hip jt
anterior to knee
anterior to lateral malleolus

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2
Q

what is this?

A

swayback

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3
Q

what is this?

A

right side lean

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4
Q

upper quarter cross syndrome:
what is tight?
what is weak?

A

tight upper traps and levator, tight pectoralis
weak rhomboids, low and mid traps, serratus anterior, deep neck flexors

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5
Q

T or F: spine should have some thoracic kyphosis and some lumbar lordosis

A

T!

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6
Q

What is this?

A

flat back posture

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7
Q

what is this?

A

sway back

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8
Q

what is this?

A

kyphotic-lordotic posture

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9
Q

increased cervical forward head leads to what?

A

increased compressive forces on anterior, lower cervical, and posterior facets
levator scapulae shortening
shoulder protraction

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10
Q

sway back is _______ kyphosis and _________ lordosis

A

increased kyphosis and decreased lordosis

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11
Q

swayback causes:
_____ hip extensors
_____ hip flexors or lower abdominals
generalized _______ strength
genu ________
________ pelvic tilt

A

tight hip extensors
weak hip flexors
generalized decreased strength
genu recurvatum
posterior pelvic tilt

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12
Q

lordosis:
______ hip flexors and/or back extensors
_______ pelvic tilt
increased _____ forces on lumbar vertebrae
increased ______ forces on lumbar facets
________ of anterior spinal ligaments

A

tight hip flexors/ back extensors
anterior pelvic tilt
increased shear forces lumbar vertebrae
increased compression forces on lumbar facets
elongation of anterior spinal ligaments

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13
Q

flatback:
_______ kyphosis and _______ lordosis
______ head, _______ pelvic tilt, knee _____
______ hip extensors
______ hip flexors and back extensors

A

decreases kyphosis and decreased lordosis
forward head, posterior pelvic tilt, knee flexion
tight hip extensors
weak hip flexors and back extensors

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14
Q

postural sway, AP sway is ___ mm in quiet stance

A

5-7 mm

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15
Q

postural sway, ML sway is ___ mm in quiet stance

A

3-4 mm

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16
Q

what causes postural sway?

A

high COM and small BOS in standing

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17
Q

in sway, what is the body pivoting about?

A

ankle joint

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18
Q

in sitting, proper posture looks like
lordosis _______
hips _____ than knees
feet on the ground

A

lordosis preserved
hips higher than the knees

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19
Q

what causes a posterior pelvic tilt in sitting?

A

short hamstrings

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20
Q

in sitting, if the chair is too high it leads to

A

pressure on posterior thighs

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21
Q

in sitting, if the chair is too low it leads to

A

increases posterior tilt

22
Q

percentage pressure on discs when laying supine

A

25

23
Q

percentage pressure on discs when laying side lying

A

75

24
Q

percentage pressure on discs when standing

A

100

25
Q

percentage pressure on discs when standing leaning over

A

150

26
Q

percentage pressure on discs when standing leaning over holding weight

A

220

27
Q

percentage pressure on discs when sitting upright

A

140

28
Q

percentage pressure on discs when sitting and leaning back

A

105

29
Q

percentage pressure on discs when sitting leaning forward

A

185

30
Q

percentage pressure on discs when sitting, leaning forward with weight

A

275

31
Q

for the computer:
head should be tilted __ degrees into flexion or less
elbows should be ____
wrists in _____
keyboard slope no greater than __

A

head should be tilted 15 degrees into flexion or less
elbows should be close
wrists in neutral
keyboard slope no greater than 15

32
Q

a hip flexion contracture will present how?

A

shortened, adducted, internally rotated

33
Q

strengths of HHD

A

document force in a number
more reliability
able to demonstrate a more subtle improvement of strength

34
Q

HHD limitation

A

forces may not be linear across the entire spectrum
difficulty with specific instructions
cost
inadequate resistive force

35
Q

HHD: the force must be

A

Isometric

36
Q

clinical pearls for HHD

A

consistent test position
same joint
max stabilization
same therapist
flat learning curve

37
Q

HHD: resistance must be

A

prependicular

38
Q

HHD: to compare across subjects, you must use

A

torque

39
Q

what may make a pt a high fall risk? review

A
40
Q

of all hip fracture over 65, __% are related to a fall

A

90

41
Q

falls account for __% of hospital admissions and __% of nursing home admissiond

A

25%
40%

42
Q

multifactors of balance and fall prevention

A

physical activity
education
environment modifications
fall risk assessment
review of other systems

43
Q

3 subsystems for balance

A

visual, somatosensory, vestibular

44
Q

if there is a conflict in sensorimotor integration, what happens?

A

loss of balance/ fall/ faulty motor response

45
Q

for ankle corrective forces, if the COM is shifted anterior what activates?

A

gastroc and HS

46
Q

for ankle corrective forces, is the COM is shifted posterior what activates?

A

tib anterior and quads

47
Q

outcome measures for balance/ confidence

A

ABC Scale- activities-specific balance confidence (score of less than 67% predict fall 84% of the time
Falls Efficacy Scale

48
Q

static balance: 2 types

A

quiet stance or active standing

49
Q

reactive versus proactive standing

A

reactive to perturbations
proactive- ex: sit to stand/functional reach

50
Q

2 types of dynamic balance

A

step initiation and ambulation

51
Q

T or F: good dynamic balance means good static balance

A

False

52
Q

5 categories of balance tests

A

clinical
laboratory
functional
specific population- concussion
combination

EEO Final (14 decks)

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