week 9: posture to balance

Question 1

Plumb line view from side:
________ to mastoid process
through ________ acromion process
________ to hip joint
_________ to knee
________ to lateral malleolus

Answer 1

anterior to mastoid
through anterior acromion process
posterior to hip jt
anterior to knee
anterior to lateral malleolus

Question 2

what is this?

Answer 2

swayback

Question 3

what is this?

Answer 3

right side lean

Question 4

upper quarter cross syndrome:
what is tight?
what is weak?

Answer 4

tight upper traps and levator, tight pectoralis
weak rhomboids, low and mid traps, serratus anterior, deep neck flexors

Question 5

T or F: spine should have some thoracic kyphosis and some lumbar lordosis

Answer 5

T!

Question 6

What is this?

Answer 6

flat back posture

Question 7

what is this?

Answer 7

sway back

Question 8

what is this?

Answer 8

kyphotic-lordotic posture

Question 9

increased cervical forward head leads to what?

Answer 9

increased compressive forces on anterior, lower cervical, and posterior facets
levator scapulae shortening
shoulder protraction

Question 10

sway back is _______ kyphosis and _________ lordosis

Answer 10

increased kyphosis and decreased lordosis

Question 11

swayback causes:
_____ hip extensors
_____ hip flexors or lower abdominals
generalized _______ strength
genu ________
________ pelvic tilt

Answer 11

tight hip extensors
weak hip flexors
generalized decreased strength
genu recurvatum
posterior pelvic tilt

Question 12

lordosis:
______ hip flexors and/or back extensors
_______ pelvic tilt
increased _____ forces on lumbar vertebrae
increased ______ forces on lumbar facets
________ of anterior spinal ligaments

Answer 12

tight hip flexors/ back extensors
anterior pelvic tilt
increased shear forces lumbar vertebrae
increased compression forces on lumbar facets
elongation of anterior spinal ligaments

Question 13

flatback:
_______ kyphosis and _______ lordosis
______ head, _______ pelvic tilt, knee _____
______ hip extensors
______ hip flexors and back extensors

Answer 13

decreases kyphosis and decreased lordosis
forward head, posterior pelvic tilt, knee flexion
tight hip extensors
weak hip flexors and back extensors

Question 14

postural sway, AP sway is ___ mm in quiet stance

Answer 14

5-7 mm

Question 15

postural sway, ML sway is ___ mm in quiet stance

Answer 15

3-4 mm

Question 16

what causes postural sway?

Answer 16

high COM and small BOS in standing

Question 17

in sway, what is the body pivoting about?

Answer 17

ankle joint

Question 18

in sitting, proper posture looks like
lordosis _______
hips _____ than knees
feet on the ground

Answer 18

lordosis preserved
hips higher than the knees

Question 19

what causes a posterior pelvic tilt in sitting?

Answer 19

short hamstrings

Question 20

in sitting, if the chair is too high it leads to

Answer 20

pressure on posterior thighs

Question 21

in sitting, if the chair is too low it leads to

Answer 21

increases posterior tilt

Question 22

percentage pressure on discs when laying supine

Answer 22

25

Question 23

percentage pressure on discs when laying side lying

Answer 23

75

Question 24

percentage pressure on discs when standing

Answer 24

100

Question 25

percentage pressure on discs when standing leaning over

Answer 25

150

Question 26

percentage pressure on discs when standing leaning over holding weight

Answer 26

220

Question 27

percentage pressure on discs when sitting upright

Answer 27

140

Question 28

percentage pressure on discs when sitting and leaning back

Answer 28

105

Question 29

percentage pressure on discs when sitting leaning forward

Answer 29

185

Question 30

percentage pressure on discs when sitting, leaning forward with weight

Answer 30

275

Question 31

for the computer: head should be tilted __ degrees into flexion or less elbows should be ____ wrists in _____ keyboard slope no greater than __

Answer 31

head should be tilted 15 degrees into flexion or less elbows should be close wrists in neutral keyboard slope no greater than 15

Question 32

a hip flexion contracture will present how?

Answer 32

shortened, adducted, internally rotated

Question 33

strengths of HHD

Answer 33

document force in a number more reliability able to demonstrate a more subtle improvement of strength

Question 34

HHD limitation

Answer 34

forces may not be linear across the entire spectrum difficulty with specific instructions cost inadequate resistive force

Question 35

HHD: the force must be

Answer 35

Isometric

Question 36

clinical pearls for HHD

Answer 36

consistent test position same joint max stabilization same therapist flat learning curve

Question 37

HHD: resistance must be

Answer 37

prependicular

Question 38

HHD: to compare across subjects, you must use

Answer 38

torque

Question 39

what may make a pt a high fall risk? review

Answer 39

Question 40

of all hip fracture over 65, __% are related to a fall

Answer 40

90

Question 41

falls account for __% of hospital admissions and __% of nursing home admissiond

Answer 41

25% 40%

Question 42

multifactors of balance and fall prevention

Answer 42

physical activity education environment modifications fall risk assessment review of other systems

Question 43

3 subsystems for balance

Answer 43

visual, somatosensory, vestibular

Question 44

if there is a conflict in sensorimotor integration, what happens?

Answer 44

loss of balance/ fall/ faulty motor response

Question 45

for ankle corrective forces, if the COM is shifted anterior what activates?

Answer 45

gastroc and HS

Question 46

for ankle corrective forces, is the COM is shifted posterior what activates?

Answer 46

tib anterior and quads

Question 47

outcome measures for balance/ confidence

Answer 47

ABC Scale- activities-specific balance confidence (score of less than 67% predict fall 84% of the time Falls Efficacy Scale

Question 48

static balance: 2 types

Answer 48

quiet stance or active standing

Question 49

reactive versus proactive standing

Answer 49

reactive to perturbations proactive- ex: sit to stand/functional reach

Question 50

2 types of dynamic balance

Answer 50

step initiation and ambulation

Question 51

T or F: good dynamic balance means good static balance

Answer 51

False

Question 52

5 categories of balance tests

Answer 52

clinical laboratory functional specific population- concussion combination