Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EEO Final > 13. Balance and Gait > Flashcards

13. Balance and Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Upper extremity tests in standing

A

bilateral shoulder flexion
apley scratch test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

lower extremity standing tests

A

bilateral 1/4 squat
half squat
full squat
single leg stance
toe walking/heel walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the three balance systems

A

neurosensory
central processing
musculoskeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

to acquire information about where the body is relative to the BOS- includes visual, somatosensory, and vestibular

A

neurosensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

to determine in advance an effective response

A

central processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

effector components, resources to carry our the needed movement for response (strength, core, ROM)

A

musculoskeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

body balance is controlled by which 3 sensory systems?

A

vestibular, visual, proprioceptive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

important components of visual

A

acuity
contrast sensitivity
peripheral vision
depth perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which cranial nerve is in charge of visual

A

optic, CN 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what sensory components provides information about the environment

A

visual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which sensory component provides info about the relative location of body parts in space

A

somatosensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

components of somatosensory

A

tactile- touch/pressure receptors
joint, tendon, muscle proprioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which sensory components helps posture and balance control

A

vestibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the anatomical components of the vestibular system

A

semicircular canals
otolith organs- utricle and saccule
vestibular n- CN 8
vestibular nuclei in brainstem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

integration and processing of sensory info in order to generate a motor response

A

central processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

time required to complete central processing

A

latency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

T or F: central processing important for resolving sensory conflict

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

time required to generate a central processing response

A

reaction time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 types of postural responses

A

automatic (feedback)
anticipatory (feed forward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

automatic postural motor strategies progression

A

ankle strategy
hip strategy
stepping strategy
reaching strategy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ankle strategy:
used when disturbances are _____. ______ common strategy used. small adjustments _______ to ______. muscle activation is from _______ to ________

A

used when disturbances are small. most common strategy used. small adjustments anterior to posterior. muscle activation is from distal to proximal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hip strategy:
used when disturbances are larger and ______, when the support surface is ______ or ______ in size. muscle activation is from _____ to ______.

A

used when disturbances are larger and faster, when the support surface is compliant or reduced in size. muscle activation is from proximal to distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

stepping strategies:
occur when the COM is displaced ______ the limits of the ____.

A

occur when the COM is displaced beyond the limits of the BOS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

T or F: if stepping strategy is not an option or failing, a reaching strategy can be used when a nearby object is there

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what make up the effector components, in order to execute a response?

A

lower extremity ROM, muscle strength, endurance, power, coordination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

in older adults, ________ and _______ are reduced by aging or disease

A

redundancy and reserves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

T or F: aging is a diagnosis

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

risk factors for fear or falling

A

at least one fall
female
older

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

consequences for fear of falling

A

decline in physical and mental
increased risk of fall
progressive loss of health related quality of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

components of the balance assessment

A
  1. assessment of movement strategy for postural response
  2. exam of sensory organization
  3. tests to quantify balance
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the type of assessment you should use to look at older patients and their function?

A

biopsychosocial model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

4 conditions of the mCTSIB (modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction in Balance)

A

eyes open firm surface
eyes closed firm surface
eyes open, compliant surface
eyes closed, compliant surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

tests to quantify balance- which tests functional balance?

A

static balance
dynamic balance
psychological aspects

dynamic balance!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

tests of static balance

A

mCTSIB
romberg test
semi-tandem
sharpened romberg
single leg stance

ALL timed tetsts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Single leg stance high fall risk cut off time

A

5 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

types of functional balance tests

A

active standing
reactive balance
anticipatory balance
dynamic balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

functional balance: active standing tests

A

functional reach
berg balance scale
step test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

functional balance: reactive balance test

A

nudge/push test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

functional balance: anticipatory balance test

A

catching test

40
Q

functional balance: dynamic balance test

A

4 square step test
DGI (dynamic gait index)
TUG
tinetti balance and gait
physical performance test

41
Q

geriatic society rec for balance and gait

A

TUG- with cognitive effort
berg balance
tinetti performance- oriented mobility assessment

42
Q

self report questionnaires

A

MFES: Modified Falls efficacy scale
ABCs: activity balance confidence scale
fear of falling avoidance behavior questionnaire

43
Q

downfall of BERG balance screen

A

does not effective capture gait issues, especially important in stroke populations

44
Q

gait performance measures

A

functional gait assessment
dynamic gait index

45
Q

what populations would you use sitting balance scale for?

A

Spinal cord pts

46
Q

self report questionnaires tests for what?

A

the psychological aspects of balance

47
Q

review the gait cycle

A
48
Q

stance portion in what percent of the gait cycle

A

60%

49
Q

phases of the stance portion of the cycle

A

initial contact
loading response
midstance
terminal stance
preswing

50
Q

foot contacts the ground/heel strike

A

initial contact

51
Q

weight shift occurs: from initial contact to other foot lights off the ground

A

loading response

52
Q

both ankles aligned in frontal place; from other foot off ground to midswing

A

midstance

53
Q

from ankle alignment to just prior of IC of swing leg

A

terminal stance

54
Q

from initial contact of swing leg to just prior to lift off of stance leg

A

preswing

55
Q

swing portion of cycle is what percent of the cycle?

A

40%

56
Q

progression of swing phase

A

initial swing
mid swing
terminal swing

57
Q

lift off of stance leg from ground to max knee flexion

A

initial swing

58
Q

from max knee flexion to vertical tibia position

A

mid swing

59
Q

from vertical tibia to just prior of initial contact

A

terminal swing

60
Q

double limb support is ___% of the gait cycle

A

20

61
Q

double limb support happens when

A

at beginning and end of stance phased

62
Q

single limb support happens ___% of gait cycle

A

80

63
Q

this happens when the opposite foot is in swing, and increases with increased speed

A

single limb support

64
Q

arm swing: the arm _______ the leg in ____ should move _____ to offset spinal rotation; arm swing ______ with increased gait speed and step length

A

the arm opposite the leg in swing should move forward to offset spinal rotation; arm swing increases with increased gait speed and step length

65
Q

assistive device is ______ the affected side

A

opposite

66
Q

assistive device is _______ the affected side, if the patient has neuro deficits and cannot hold it on opposite side

A

same side

67
Q

maximal hip flexion needed for any of the stances of gait

A

25

68
Q

maximal hip extension need for any of the stances of gait

A

20

69
Q

where does a DF limitation show

A

midstance

70
Q

how would a patient with limited dorsiflexion compensate in midstance?

A

increased knee flexion

71
Q

in terminal stance, if iliopsoas is tight, what motion will the pelvis do?

A

rotation backwards

72
Q

largest amount of knee flexion needed for gait

A

60

73
Q

largest amount of ankle plantarflexion needed for gait

A

15

74
Q

largest amount of dorsiflexion needed for gait

A

10 degrees of dorsi

75
Q

which muscles bring the leg forward

A

iliopsoas, rectus femoris, adductor magnus
muscles in the front!

76
Q

anterior view- what can you see during gait

A

knee valgus/varus
hip drop/hike
ankle supination/pronation
pelvis movement

77
Q

distance the foot advances in relation to the other

A

step

78
Q

horizontal distance between heels

A

step width

79
Q

distance from one foot to the same foot

A

stride length

80
Q

number of steps taken per minute

A

cadence

81
Q

the speed that one ambulates

A

velocity

82
Q

what gait is this? what happens?

A

circumduction gait
trunk and pelvis rotate anteriorly
circumducting the leg out to the side of the body

83
Q

what gait is this? what happens?

A

foot drop
toes drag against the ground during swing phase
loss of dorsiflexion

84
Q

which gait is common after a stroke or TBI?

A

foot drop

85
Q

what gait is this?

A

trendelenburg gait
pelvis drops excessively on contralateral leg side with each step

86
Q

compensated trendelenburg

A

pt leans towards stance side to stop pelvic drop

87
Q

what gait is this? what happens?

A

hemiplegic gait
paralysis or weakness of entire side of body

88
Q

antalgic gait

A

ambulating against or to avoid pain

89
Q

ataxic gait

A

range of motion/strength are not compromised, just a lack of coordination

90
Q

what gait is this? what is happening

A

scissor gait- narrowing or even crossing over of the legs as they walk
tightness of hip adductors

91
Q

what ortho issue can cause foot drop

A

fibular issues- fracture, etc

92
Q

what is scissor gait associated with

A

cerebral palsy or other neuro

93
Q

what gait is this? what is happening?

A

parkinsonian gait/ festinating gait
shuffling the feet with flexion of the trunk, weight of body on balls of feet

94
Q

hip hiking is

A

elevation of ipsilateral pelvis during swing

95
Q

what is knee hyperextension in relation of gait

A

rapidly thrust knee into hyperextension after limb contacts the floor

96
Q

what is steppage gait

A

excessive hip and knee flexion to clear swing limb

97
Q

what is vaulting gait

A

rapid ankle PF during stance to clear opposite limb

EEO Final (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions