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EEO Final > 11. Knee > Flashcards

11. Knee Flashcards

1
Q

What are the self-report measures for the knee?

A

AIMS
WOMAC
LEAP
LEFS
LEAS
Lysholm Knee Scale
Tegner Activity Scale
Knee OA Outcome Scale (KOOS)

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2
Q

Which 2 Self-Report Measures are for ACL?

A

Lysholm Knee Scale
Tegner Activity Scale

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3
Q

What are the performance measures for Knee patients?

A

Wall Sit Test
8” step down test
LE agility test
Hop Tests (4)
Vertical Jump
LQ Y-balance test

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4
Q

What type of joint is the knee? How many DoF in the knee?

A

Hinge Joint
2 DoF
- flexion/extension
- IR/ER

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5
Q

The knee is strongly affected by mechanics of ___ and ______

A

Hip
Foot/Ankle

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6
Q

4 important nerves at knee?

A

Femoral –> Saphenous
Fibular x 3
Sural Nerve
Tibial Nerve

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7
Q

T/F: Tibial Nerve runs posterolateral and Sural Nerve runs posteromedial.

A

False

Tibial N. runs along tibia which is posteromedial and Sural runs posterolateral

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8
Q

What plane is the Tibiofemoral angle measured in?

A

Frontal plane

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9
Q

How do you measure the Tibiofemoral Angle?

A

Angle between longitudinal axes of femoral shaft and tibial shaft

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10
Q

Normal Tibiofemoral Angle?

A

165-175 degrees

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11
Q

Genu Valgum Angle

A

<165 degrees

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12
Q

Genu Varum Angle

A

> 175 degrees

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13
Q

Do you measure Tibiofemoral angle medially or laterally?

A

Laterally

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14
Q

How do you measure Q-Angle?

A

Line from ASIS to midpatella, line from central patella to tibial tuberosity

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15
Q

Flexed knee: what is tight?

A

Hamstrings
Hip flexors

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16
Q

What is normal Q Angle?

A

10-15 degrees
(females > males)

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17
Q

What is the malignant Q angle?

A

> 20 degrees

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18
Q

Increased Q angle increases risk for _________

A

Lateral Patellar subluxation

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19
Q

Possible causes of > Q angle?

A

Genu valgum
Excessive femoral anteversion
Tibial ER

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20
Q

What does Genu Valgum lead to?

A

Overpronation of foot
Longer Leg
ER of tibia
OA of Lateral knee compartment

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21
Q

Who might you see Genu Valgum for a period of time?

A

Children

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22
Q

What does Genu Varum lead to?

A

Supination of foot
Shorter Leg
IR of tibia
OA of Medial Knee

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23
Q

Who is your classic TKA Patient?

A

Genu Varum

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24
Q

What defines Genu Recurvatum?

A

Knee Hyperextension past 5 degrees

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25
What are possible causes of Genu Recurvatum?
* Anterior Pelvic Tilt * Quad weakness * Gastroc/soleus weakness * Ankle PF contracture OR DF restriction * Global ligamentous laxity
26
What does Genu Recurvatum result in?
* Anterior tibiofemoral compression * Posterior knee laxity
27
What are **knee** flexion contracture causes?
* Immobilization * Prolonged wheelchair use * sleeping with pillows under knees * Capsular adhesions * Abnormal hamstring tone
28
What do **knee** flexion contracture result in?
* excessive patellofemoral compression * over-worked quads and triceps surae * Loss of hip extension * Abnormal gait pattern
29
What are **hip** flexion contracture causes?
* Immobilization * prolonged wheelchair use * sleeping with LEs elevated * Capsular adhesions * Transtibial or transfemoral amputation * Abnormal hip flexor tone
30
What do **hip** flexion contractures result in?
* Excessive lumbar compression * Overactive erector spinae * Loss of hip extension * Abnormal gait pattern
31
You are evaluating a 63-year-old female patient and she only has 93 degrees of knee flexion. Which of the following activities will she be limited from doing? A. Safely climb stairs B. Safely descend stairs C. Riding a bike D. Walking
C. Riding a bike Note: Requires 115 degrees knee flexion
32
Full knee flexion = ____ degrees (KF= knee flexion)
140 degrees
33
Ride a bike = ____ degrees KF
115
34
Get up from a chair = _____ degrees KF
105
35
Safely descend stairs = ____ degrees KF
90
36
Safely climb stairs = ____ degrees KF
83
37
Walking = ___ degrees KF
60-70
38
Normal documentation of knee flexion --> hypertextension
5-0-140 5 hyper extension 0 normal 140 flexion
39
knee end feels
flex=soft extend=firm
40
capsular end feel of knee
ext > flex
41
causes of Patellofemoral Pain syndrome (PFPS/PFS)
* Trauma: excessive compression to anterior knee * Microtrauma: patellar maltracking
42
Patellofemoral Pain syndrome pt presentation
* Anterior knee pain * Grinding clicking * Peripatellar swelling * Pain with patellar compression & quad activation * Anterior knee pain with squatting * **Pain with descending stairs!**
43
PFPS Outcome measures
Kujala Anterior Knee pain scale (AKPS) SLB SLS 8" step down test
44
PFPS Tests and Measures
Posture - standing Gait ROM: knee flex/ext - pain! MMT Ober/Thomas Foot - posture/arch
45
Patellar Tendonitis "Jumper's Knee" Causes
* Overuse/overload of patellar tendon * Repetitive landing on hard surfaces with poor mechanics
46
Patellar Tendonitis "Jumper's Knee" pt presentation
* Anterior knee pain * Infrapatellar pain * Possible delayed swelling in knee * Tenderness at patellar tendon, "gritty" * **Pain with ascending stairs!**
47
IT Band Syndrome Causes
* Overuse/overtraining of **lateral** knee * postural deviations * biomechanical issues from prox/distal jts
48
IT Band Syndrome pt presentation
* Tight TFL, IT Band, piriformis * Weak Glute max/med * Positive Obers Test
49
IT Band Syndrome Outcome measures
LEFS LEAS LEAP
50
Meniscal Tears Causes
* Trauma: torsional, particularly in WB * Microtrauma: anything --> degenerative changes
51
Meniscal Tears pt presentation
* Popping, clicking, locking * **Delayed** swelling in the knee * Tenderness at the joint line
52
ACL Tear Causes
* Rapid direction change on planted foot or sudden stop * Incorrect biomechanics with landing from jump * Medially directed blow to knee * Non-contact/contact
53
ACL Tear pt presentation
* rapid swelling in knee joint * decreased quad activation * feeling of knee "giving way"
54
ACL Outcome measures
* Tegner Activity scale * Lysholm Scale * **8" step down** * **YBT** * **Hop Test**
55
PCL Tear Causes
* MVA/dashboard injuries * athletic hyperextension injuries
56
PCL Tear pt presentation
* **immediate** knee swelling * feeling of **instability** * usually not injured in isolation cuz of forceful trauma
57
MCL tear causes
* VALGUS hit to knee * forceful tibial ER
58
MCL tear pt presentation
* swelling * pain * knee giving way medially
59
MCL fun fact!
MCL can heal on its own in 6 weeks
60
LCL tear causes *rare injury in isolation*
* forceful VARUS force to knee * forceful tibial ER
61
LCL tear pt presentation
* swelling * pain * feeling unstable * may have numbness/tingling due to stretch of fibular nerve
62
Knee OA causes
* genu varum/valgum * obesity * female >male * repetitive microtrauma at work * prior knee injuries * age * weak hip musculature * hereditary
63
Knee OA findings
* loss of knee ROM * knee flexion during stance * loss of hip ROM/strength
64
TKA reasons
* advanced OA * severe trauma
65
TKA post op considerations
* avoid knee twisting or crossing legs * priority: FULL EXT * WB restrictions * don't allow gait deviations
66
TKA Outcome measures
LEFS KOOS TUG w/ AD 10 MWT Gait

EEO Final (14 decks)

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