Week 9: Personality Psychology

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

A unique and consistent set of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that characterize an individual.

Question 2

What is the trait theory of personality?

Answer 2

A theory that describes personality as composed of specific traits that vary between individuals.

Question 3

What are the Big Five personality traits?

Answer 3

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Question 4

What is openness to experience?

Answer 4

A: A Big Five trait associated with creativity, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things.

Question 5

What is conscientiousness?

Answer 5

A Big Five trait related to being organized, dependable, and disciplined.

Question 6

What is extraversion?

Answer 6

A Big Five trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and high levels of energy.

Question 7

What is agreeableness?

Answer 7

A Big Five trait associated with being cooperative, compassionate, and trusting.

Question 8

What is neuroticism?

Answer 8

A Big Five trait involving emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.

Question 9

Who developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality?

Answer 9

Sigmund Freud.

Question 10

What are the three components of Freud’s model of personality?

Answer 10

The id, ego, and superego.

Question 11

What is the id in Freud’s theory?

Answer 11

The part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.

Question 12

What is the ego in Freud’s theory?

Answer 12

The rational part of personality that mediates between the id and superego.

Question 13

What is the superego in Freud’s theory?

Answer 13

The moral part of personality that incorporates societal values and norms.

Question 14

What is Carl Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious?

Answer 14

A part of the unconscious mind that contains shared memories and archetypes common to all humans.

Question 15

What is an archetype according to Carl Jung?

Answer 15

Universally recognized symbols or themes that appear in myths, art, and dreams across cultures.

Question 16

What is Carl Rogers’ theory of self-concept?

Answer 16

An individual’s perception of themselves, which is central to personal growth and fulfillment.

Question 17

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 17

Accepting and valuing a person without conditions, essential for healthy development according to Carl Rogers.

Question 18

What is locus of control?

Answer 18

The degree to which individuals believe they have control over their life events.

Question 19

What is an internal locus of control?

Answer 19

The belief that one controls their own fate through their actions.

Question 20

What is an external locus of control?

Answer 20

The belief that external factors, like luck or fate, control one’s life outcomes.

Question 21

Who proposed the social-cognitive theory of personality?

Answer 21

Albert Bandura.

Question 22

What is reciprocal determinism?

Answer 22

Bandura’s concept that personality is shaped by the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environment.

Question 23

What is self-efficacy?

Answer 23

One’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations, an important aspect of Bandura’s theory.

Question 24

What is a projective test in personality assessment?

Answer 24

A type of test where individuals respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings and thoughts.

Question 25

What is the purpose of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?

Answer 25

A widely used standardized test designed to assess personality traits and detect psychological disorders.