Week 9: Personality Psychology Flashcards
What is personality?
A unique and consistent set of behaviors, thoughts, and feelings that characterize an individual.
What is the trait theory of personality?
A theory that describes personality as composed of specific traits that vary between individuals.
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
What is openness to experience?
A: A Big Five trait associated with creativity, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things.
What is conscientiousness?
A Big Five trait related to being organized, dependable, and disciplined.
What is extraversion?
A Big Five trait characterized by sociability, assertiveness, and high levels of energy.
What is agreeableness?
A Big Five trait associated with being cooperative, compassionate, and trusting.
What is neuroticism?
A Big Five trait involving emotional instability, anxiety, and moodiness.
Who developed the psychoanalytic theory of personality?
Sigmund Freud.
What are the three components of Freud’s model of personality?
The id, ego, and superego.
What is the id in Freud’s theory?
The part of personality that operates on the pleasure principle, seeking immediate gratification.
What is the ego in Freud’s theory?
The rational part of personality that mediates between the id and superego.
What is the superego in Freud’s theory?
The moral part of personality that incorporates societal values and norms.
What is Carl Jung’s concept of the collective unconscious?
A part of the unconscious mind that contains shared memories and archetypes common to all humans.
What is an archetype according to Carl Jung?
Universally recognized symbols or themes that appear in myths, art, and dreams across cultures.
What is Carl Rogers’ theory of self-concept?
An individual’s perception of themselves, which is central to personal growth and fulfillment.
What is unconditional positive regard?
Accepting and valuing a person without conditions, essential for healthy development according to Carl Rogers.
What is locus of control?
The degree to which individuals believe they have control over their life events.
What is an internal locus of control?
The belief that one controls their own fate through their actions.
What is an external locus of control?
The belief that external factors, like luck or fate, control one’s life outcomes.
Who proposed the social-cognitive theory of personality?
Albert Bandura.
What is reciprocal determinism?
Bandura’s concept that personality is shaped by the interaction between personal factors, behavior, and environment.
What is self-efficacy?
One’s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations, an important aspect of Bandura’s theory.
What is a projective test in personality assessment?
A type of test where individuals respond to ambiguous stimuli, revealing hidden feelings and thoughts.
What is the purpose of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)?
A widely used standardized test designed to assess personality traits and detect psychological disorders.
