Week 7: Developmental Psychology Flashcards
What is developmental psychology?
The study of physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the lifespan.
What are the main stages of human development?
Prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and late adulthood.
Who proposed the theory of cognitive development?
Jean Piaget.
What is the sensorimotor stage in Piaget’s theory?
The stage (0-2 years) where infants learn through sensory experiences and actions.
What is object permanence?
A: The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen.
What is the preoperational stage in Piaget’s theory?
The stage (2-7 years) where children begin to use language but lack logical reasoning.
What is egocentrism in developmental psychology?
The inability to see a situation from another person’s point of view, common in early childhood.
What is the concrete operational stage in Piaget’s theory?
The stage (7-11 years) where children gain logical thinking about concrete events.
What is conservation in Piaget’s theory?
The understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape or appearance.
What is the formal operational stage in Piaget’s theory?
The stage (12 years and up) where individuals develop abstract and hypothetical thinking.
Who developed the psychosocial theory of development?
A: Erik Erikson.
What is the main challenge in Erikson’s stage of “Trust vs. Mistrust”?
Developing a sense of trust when basic needs are met (0-1 year).
What is the primary developmental task in adolescence, according to Erikson?
Identity vs. Role Confusion, where individuals explore their personal identity.
What is attachment?
An emotional bond between a child and caregiver, important for social development.
Q: Who conducted famous research on attachment styles in children?
A: Mary Ainsworth.
What is secure attachment?
A strong, healthy attachment where children feel safe and confident with their caregiver.
What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
Vygotsky’s concept of the range of tasks that a child can perform with guidance but not alone.
What is scaffolding in Vygotsky’s theory?
The support provided to a learner to help them achieve a task within their ZPD.
What is the theory of mind?
The understanding that others have thoughts, feelings, and perspectives different from one’s own.
What is adolescence?
The developmental period between childhood and adulthood, marked by puberty and identity formation.
What is moral development?
The process through which individuals develop a sense of right and wrong.
Who proposed a theory of moral development?
Lawrence Kohlberg.
What is the preconventional level in Kohlberg’s theory?
A stage where moral decisions are based on avoiding punishment or gaining rewards.
What is the conventional level in Kohlberg’s theory?
A stage where moral decisions are based on social rules and the desire to maintain order.
What is resilience in developmental psychology?
The ability to adapt and recover from adversity or significant challenges.
