Week 6: Cognition and Intelligence Flashcards
What is cognition?
The mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and using knowledge.
What is intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
What is a concept in cognition?
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
What is problem-solving?
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
What is an algorithm?
A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem.
What is a heuristic?
A mental shortcut that allows for quicker problem-solving but doesn’t guarantee a correct solution.
What is insight in problem-solving?
A sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
What is functional fixedness?
The tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way, which can hinder problem-solving.
What is the availability heuristic?
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how much it matches a prototype.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms preexisting beliefs.
What is the definition of intelligence quotient (IQ)?
A measure of intelligence originally calculated as mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Who developed the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet.
What is the g-factor in intelligence?
General intelligence, a factor believed to underlie all cognitive abilities.
What is fluid intelligence?
The ability to reason and solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge.
