Week 6: Cognition and Intelligence Flashcards
What is cognition?
The mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, and using knowledge.
What is intelligence?
The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
What is a concept in cognition?
A mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
What is problem-solving?
The process of finding solutions to difficult or complex issues.
What is an algorithm?
A step-by-step procedure that guarantees a solution to a problem.
What is a heuristic?
A mental shortcut that allows for quicker problem-solving but doesn’t guarantee a correct solution.
What is insight in problem-solving?
A sudden realization of a solution to a problem.
What is functional fixedness?
The tendency to see objects as only working in a particular way, which can hinder problem-solving.
What is the availability heuristic?
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind.
What is the representativeness heuristic?
Judging the likelihood of an event based on how much it matches a prototype.
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to search for, interpret, and remember information that confirms preexisting beliefs.
What is the definition of intelligence quotient (IQ)?
A measure of intelligence originally calculated as mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100.
Who developed the first intelligence test?
Alfred Binet.
What is the g-factor in intelligence?
General intelligence, a factor believed to underlie all cognitive abilities.
What is fluid intelligence?
The ability to reason and solve new problems independently of previously acquired knowledge.
What is crystallized intelligence?
The ability to use learned knowledge and experience.
Who proposed the theory of multiple intelligences?
Howard Gardner.
What are two types of intelligence in Gardner’s theory?
Linguistic intelligence and logical-mathematical intelligence.
What is Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence?
A theory that divides intelligence into analytical, creative, and practical components.
What is emotional intelligence?
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions effectively.
What is creativity?
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
What is the Flynn effect?
The observed rise in average IQ scores over the 20th century.
Q: What is the difference between achievement tests and aptitude tests?
Achievement tests assess learned knowledge, while aptitude tests predict future performance or potential.
What is standardization in testing?
Establishing norms and uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test.
What is the role of culture in intelligence testing?
Cultural background can influence test performance and interpretations of intelligence.
