week 9: personality Flashcards
what is personality
enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances
Freud: Psychoanalytic 3 part Theory
Id, Ego, and Superego formed from psychic energy (Libido)
the 3 parts regularly in conflict
what is id stage of personality
Instinctual nature of humans
instincts: primitive, irrational, illogical
eg. being thirsty and if not getting need met will make someone iritible
what is the ego stage personality
rational and objective
(conscious decision-making process)
eg. ego stops you from attacking someone who cuts you off in traffic
what is the superego stage personality
internalised moral standards
The conscience and the ideal self
eg. feelings of guilt
what is the 5 factor model (the big 5)
openness to experience conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism (OCEAN)
what is the 5 factor model (the big 5)
openness to experience conscientiousness extroversion agreeableness neuroticism (OCEAN)
openness stage of the 5 factor model traits
intellectual curiosity and independence
eg. imaginative, daring, curious, original
conscientiousness stage of the 5 factor model traits
organised, persistent, and dependable
eg. hardworking, reliable and persevering
extroversion stage of the 5 factor model traits
outgoing and sociable
eg. talkative, friendly, fun-loving
agreeableness stage of the 5 factor model traits
compassionate and trusting of others
eg. soft-hearted, courteous, trusting, selfless
neuroticism stage of the 5 factor model traits
emotionally variable and impulsive
eg. nervous, worrying, self-conscious
the dark triad of personality
psychopathy
narcissism
machiavellianism
psychopath traits
egocentric, superficial charm, lacking empathy, lacking guilt
psychopath 5 factor model
higher openness, lower conscientiousness, higher extroversion, lower agreeableness, lower neuroticism
narcissism traits
love for self far stronger than love for others, perception of self-superiority and entitlement
narcissism 5 factor model
higher openness, higher extroversion, lower agreeableness
Machiavellianism traits
manipulative, deceitful, usually for personal gain
Machiavellianism
5 factor model
lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness
hexaco personality model
honesty/humility emotionality extraversion agreeableness conscientiousness openness to experience (HEXACO)
The Big Five and Job Performance
Extraversion: Predicts job performance for managers & police officers, Within jobs, predicts team/ training performance
Emotional Stability (Neuroticism): Predicts job performance, predicts team performance
Agreeableness: Predicts team performance
Conscientiousness:
Predicts overall job performance
Openness to Experience: predicts training performance
Are the Big Five traits related to academic performance
- Conscientiousness positively predicts university GPA
- Neuroticism negatively predicts academic satisfaction
Profiling personalities of criminals
Psychopathy is associated with higher chances of arrest, prison, and probation
Context dependence in personality
- personality constructs are poor predictors of individual behaviours
- Situations are more important than traits for explaining behaviour
eg. will behave differently to friend compared to boss compared to a child
resolutions in context-dependence
Resolution 1: Interactionism
-Traits and situations interact
Resolution 2: Aggregation
-Traits are poor predictors of single behaviours
-Better at predicting how people are likely to behave in aggregate
what is the Thematic Apperception Test
participants looked at 30 images and were told to make a story up surrounding it. Stories were analysed for the presence of themes
can personality change?
yes,
cross-cultural studies show adults are achievement orientated and confident whereas with age their activity levels declined and become more introverted and introspected
Universal maturational changes in the 5 factor model
less neuroticism, extroversion and openness to experiences
more conscientiousness and agreeableness
