week 9: personality

Question 1

what is personality

Answer 1

enduring patterns of thought, feeling, motivation and behaviour that are expressed in different circumstances

Question 2

Freud: Psychoanalytic 3 part Theory

Answer 2

Id, Ego, and Superego formed from psychic energy (Libido)

the 3 parts regularly in conflict

Question 3

what is id stage of personality

Answer 3

Instinctual nature of humans

instincts: primitive, irrational, illogical
eg. being thirsty and if not getting need met will make someone iritible

Question 4

what is the ego stage personality

Answer 4

rational and objective
(conscious decision-making process)
eg. ego stops you from attacking someone who cuts you off in traffic

Question 5

what is the superego stage personality

Answer 5

internalised moral standards
The conscience and the ideal self
eg. feelings of guilt

Question 6

what is the 5 factor model (the big 5)

Answer 6

openness to experience
conscientiousness 
extroversion
agreeableness 
neuroticism 
(OCEAN)

Question 7

what is the 5 factor model (the big 5)

Answer 7

openness to experience
conscientiousness 
extroversion
agreeableness 
neuroticism 
(OCEAN)

Question 8

openness stage of the 5 factor model traits

Answer 8

intellectual curiosity and independence

eg. imaginative, daring, curious, original

Question 9

conscientiousness stage of the 5 factor model traits

Answer 9

organised, persistent, and dependable

eg. hardworking, reliable and persevering

Question 10

extroversion stage of the 5 factor model traits

Answer 10

outgoing and sociable

eg. talkative, friendly, fun-loving

Question 11

agreeableness stage of the 5 factor model traits

Answer 11

compassionate and trusting of others

eg. soft-hearted, courteous, trusting, selfless

Question 12

neuroticism stage of the 5 factor model traits

Answer 12

emotionally variable and impulsive

eg. nervous, worrying, self-conscious

Question 13

the dark triad of personality

Answer 13

psychopathy
narcissism
machiavellianism

Question 14

psychopath traits

Answer 14

egocentric, superficial charm, lacking empathy, lacking guilt

Question 15

psychopath 5 factor model

Answer 15

higher openness, lower conscientiousness, higher extroversion, lower agreeableness, lower neuroticism

Question 16

narcissism traits

Answer 16

love for self far stronger than love for others, perception of self-superiority and entitlement

Question 17

narcissism 5 factor model

Answer 17

higher openness, higher extroversion, lower agreeableness

Question 18

Machiavellianism traits

Answer 18

manipulative, deceitful, usually for personal gain

Question 19

Machiavellianism

5 factor model

Answer 19

lower conscientiousness, lower agreeableness

Question 20

hexaco personality model

Answer 20

honesty/humility
emotionality
extraversion
agreeableness 
conscientiousness 
openness to experience
(HEXACO)

Question 21

The Big Five and Job Performance

Answer 21

Extraversion: Predicts job performance for managers & police officers, Within jobs, predicts team/ training performance
Emotional Stability (Neuroticism): Predicts job performance, predicts team performance
Agreeableness: Predicts team performance
Conscientiousness:
Predicts overall job performance
Openness to Experience: predicts training performance

Question 22

Are the Big Five traits related to academic performance

Answer 22

• Conscientiousness positively predicts university GPA

- Neuroticism negatively predicts academic satisfaction

Question 23

Profiling personalities of criminals

Answer 23

Psychopathy is associated with higher chances of arrest, prison, and probation

Question 24

Context dependence in personality

Answer 24

• personality constructs are poor predictors of individual behaviours
• Situations are more important than traits for explaining behaviour
  eg. will behave differently to friend compared to boss compared to a child

Question 25

resolutions in context-dependence

Answer 25

Resolution 1: Interactionism -Traits and situations interact Resolution 2: Aggregation -Traits are poor predictors of single behaviours -Better at predicting how people are likely to behave in aggregate

Question 26

what is the Thematic Apperception Test

Answer 26

participants looked at 30 images and were told to make a story up surrounding it. Stories were analysed for the presence of themes

Question 27

can personality change?

Answer 27

yes, cross-cultural studies show adults are achievement orientated and confident whereas with age their activity levels declined and become more introverted and introspected

Question 28

Universal maturational changes in the 5 factor model

Answer 28

less neuroticism, extroversion and openness to experiences | more conscientiousness and agreeableness