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pyb100 > week 11: psychological disorders > Flashcards

week 11: psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is mental health

A

A state of emotional and social wellbeing

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2
Q

what is a mental disorder?

A

A clinically recognisable set of symptoms and behaviours that disrupts wellbeing/functioning. It causes stress (for them and others) and requires treatment

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3
Q

what are mental health problems (psychopathology)

A

Problematic patterns of thought, feeling, and behaviour

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4
Q

psychopathology in Australia stats

A

Almost half the population (45%) will experience a mental disorder at some point
About 1 in 5 adults (16‐85 years) will have had a mental disorder in the past year
For children/adolescents: 12‐month prevalence was 1 in 7

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5
Q

what is the Context of psychopathology

A

Historical
Social
Cultural
Theoretical

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6
Q

Theoretical context of psychopathology

A
  • Psychodynamic theories
  • Cognitive‐behavioural approaches
  • Biological approaches
  • Systems theory (e.g. family system model)
  • Evolutionary perspectives
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7
Q

Psychodynamic perspective classes of psychopathology

A

3 classes of psychopathology, in which ego functioning is central:
• Neuroses
• Personality disorders
• Psychoses

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8
Q

Psychodynamic perspective classes of psychopathology: neuroses

A

issues in living that involve anxiety (phobias) or interpersonal conflict

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9
Q

Psychodynamic perspective classes of psychopathology: personality disorders

A

chronic and severe disturbances that alter the capacity to work and to love

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10
Q

Psychodynamic perspective classes of psychopathology: psychoses

A

marked disturbances of contact with reality

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11
Q

cause of psychodynamic classes

A

neuroses: environmental
psychoses: genetic vulnerability
personality disorders: environment or the interaction of genes and environment

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12
Q

Cognitive and behavioural perspective of psychopathology

A

Cognitive: psychological disorders reflect dysfunctional attitudes, beliefs and cognitive processes
Behavioural: psychological problems arise from conditioned emotional responses

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13
Q

Biological perspective to psychopathology

A

Root of abnormal behaviour lies within the brain

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14
Q

Systems perspective to psychopathology

A

Root of abnormality lies in the context of a social group (and families)

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15
Q

Evolutionary perspective to psychopathology

A
  1. Random variations in genotypes can lead to less adaptive phenotypes
  2. Less adaptive behaviour may have its roots in behaviour important for survival 3. important interplay of genes and environment
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16
Q

what is the most common approach to diagnosing mental disorders in Australia?

A

descriptive – using atheoretical disorder classification systems

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17
Q

the 2 disorder classification systems

A
  1. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
  2. International Classification of Diseases (ICD)
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18
Q

what is Schizophrenia

A

Debilitating disorder that involves disturbance in almost every dimension of human function – perceptions, thoughts, behaviour, emotions, and language – and impacts on social relationships (family life, friendships) and occupational functioning

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19
Q

2 types of Schizophrenia Symptom clusters

A

positive and negative

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20
Q

negative Schizophrenia symptoms

A
  • Absence/lack of normal behaviour or function
  • Flat affect (lack of emotion)
  • Apathy/avolition (lack of motivation)
  • Social withdrawal
  • Lack of spontaneous movement
  • Alogia (lack of speech)
  • catatonia (weird movements)
21
Q

positive Schizophrenia symptoms

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinations
  • Disorganised speech or behaviour
22
Q

different forms of hallucinations

A 
auditory
visual
somatic (sensation in the body) eg, worms in skin
tactile (touch) eg, burning
olfactory (smell)
gustatory (taste)
23
Q

most common form of hallucinations

A

auditory

24
Q

what are delusions

A

A false belief, held firmly, even in the face of objective evidence to the contrary

25
Q

different types of delusions

A
  • Persecutory (belief being mistreated)
  • Grandiosity (inflated self-worth)
  • control (being controlled by external forces)
  • reference (event has special meaning to them)
  • Somatic (belief of medical problem)
  • Thought broadcasting (someone can read their mind)
  • Thought insertion (planted thoughts)
  • Thought withdrawal (stolen thoughts)
26
Q

what is a thought disorder?

A

Disturbances in the speed or amount or coherence of thinking

27
Q

different thought disorder symptoms

A

Poverty of content (adequate number of words, but limited information)
• Flight of ideas (rapid, continuous verbalisations, difficult to interrupt)
• Word salad/unintelligible verbalisations (individual words
strung together incorrectly, incoherent)
• Tangentiality (answers to questions that are oblique)
• Circumstantiality (delay in reaching goal)

28
Q

Phases of schizophrenia (illness course)

A

premorbid phase
prodromal phase
psychotic phase
stable phase

29
Q

premorbid phase of schizophrenia

A

childhood

cognitive, motor or social deficits

30
Q

prodromal phase of schizophrenia

A

adolescence/young adult
brief attenuated positive symptoms and/or functional decline
extremely high degrees of recovery with treatment before first psychotic episode
the first psychotic episode at end of phase

31
Q

psychotic phase of schizophrenia

A

young adulthood
florid positive symptoms
medium degree of recovery with intervention

32
Q

stable phase of schizophrenia

A

negative symptoms, cognitive/social deficits, functional decline
lower degrees of recovery with intervention

33
Q

factors impacting schizophrenia

A 
biological (genetics, abnormalities in brain, abnormalities in neurotransmitters)
psychosocial factors (environmental)
34
Q

Bipolar and Related Disorders

A

Characterised by disturbance in emotion and mood.

has alternating periods of mania and depression

35
Q

what is mania/manic episode?

A

period of abnormally elevated or expansive mood

36
Q

types of bipolar

A

Bipolar I
Bipolar II
Cyclothymia

37
Q

Bipolar I

A

major depression and mania

38
Q

Bipolar II

A

major depression and hypomania

39
Q

Cyclothymia

A

hypomania and mild depression

40
Q

what are Depressive disorders

A

Characterised by disturbance in emotion and mood (negative mood)

41
Q

Depressive disorders symptoms

A

5 symptoms needed, 2 needing to be:
Persistent sad mood
Anhedonia (loss of interest or pleasure in activities)

42
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Frequent, intense, and irrational anxiety or apprehension

43
Q

anxiety in Australia

A

Most common of the mental disorders
afflict 1 in 7 of adult population
Higher rates in women

44
Q

Phobic disorder

A

An irrational fear of an object or situation

45
Q

social phobias

A

Lifetime prevalence 8%

• Fear of being in a public situation (eg. public speaking)

46
Q

Agoraphobia

A

A fear of being in places or situations from which it might be difficult to escape
form of social phobia

47
Q

Panic disorder

A

Intense attacks of fear and terror that are not justified by the situation

48
Q

Generalised Anxiety Disorder

A

pyb100 (9 decks)

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