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pyb100 > week 1: history > Flashcards

week 1: history Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychology?

A

psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes, behaviour and the interaction between them

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2
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

established first psychological lab
tried to identify elements of consciousness
used trained introspection (careful, systematic observations of ones own conscious experience)

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3
Q

what were the 2 early theories?

A

structuralism

functionalism

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4
Q

who invented structuralism?

A

edward titchener

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5
Q

what did structuralism believe?

A

the task of psychology was to analyse consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements were related

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6
Q

who invented functionalism?

A

william james

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7
Q

what did functionalism believe?

A

psychology should investigate the function/purpose of consciousness rather than its structure

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8
Q

what are the perspectives in psychology? (school of thoughts guiding psychology)

A 
psychodynamic 
behaviourist 
humanistic 
cognitive 
evolutionary
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9
Q

who invented behaviourism?

A

John B. Watson

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10
Q

what did behaviourism believe?

A

psychology should only study observable behaviour

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11
Q

what did Gestalt psychology believe?

A

that psychological phenomena are best viewed as organised, structured wholes not analysed into component elements

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12
Q

who invented Gestalt psychology and why?

A

Max Wertheimer as a reaction to structuralism and behaviourism

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13
Q

who invented psychoanalysis?

A

Sigmund Freud

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14
Q

what is the psychoanalysis theory?

A

the unconscious contains thoughts, memories and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but exert a significant influence over behaviour

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15
Q

what is radical behaviourism?

A

is a return to Watson’s behaviourism
believed organisms tend to repeat responses that lead to positive outcomes and dont repeat responses that result in negative outcomes

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16
Q

Who invented radical behaviourism?

A

B.F. Skinner

17
Q

What is the humanistic perspective?

A

an emphasis on the uniqueness of humans and the qualities surrounding it

18
Q

who invented the humanist perspective?

A

Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers

19
Q

what time period saw a renewed interest in cognition and physiology?

A

the 1950’s

20
Q

who invented the psychodynamic perspective?

A

Sigmund Freud

21
Q

what are the 3 basic principles surrounding psychodynamic?

A
  • actions are determined by the interplay of thoughts, feelings and wishes
  • many mental events happen outside our conscious awareness
  • mental processes may be in conflict with eachother and cause anxiety
22
Q

psychodynamic methods

A

case studies

interpretation of meaning from verbal thought/behaviour

23
Q

what are the 3 principles surrounding behaviourist perspective?

A
  • environmental stimuli control behaviour through learning
  • behaviour can be understood without reference to internal mind (thoughts feelings)
  • behaviours can be learned through conditioning
24
Q

types of conditionings in behaviourist perspective

A

1, classical conditioning (pavlov)

2, operant conditioning (bf skinner)

25
Q

methods used in behaviourist perspective

A

experimentation with humans and animals

26
Q

what is self-actualisation?

A

people are motivated to reach their full potential

27
Q

humanistic perspective methods

A

person-centred therapeutic approach

28
Q

who invented the cognitive perspective?

A

rene descartes

29
Q

what are the basic principles surrounding cognitive perspective?

A

behaviour is the product of information processing

a focus on how people perceive, process and retrieve info

30
Q

cognitive perspective methods

A

experimentation

31
Q

who invented the evolutionary perspective?

A

charles darwin

32
Q

what are the 3 basic principles surrounding the evolutionary perspective?

A
  • human behaviours evolved to help our ancestors survive and reproduce
  • some behaviour is biologically determined (sexual impulse)
  • psychological processes are shaped by natural selection
33
Q

evolutionary perspective methods

A
  • deduction of explanation for traits and behaviour
  • cross species and cross-cultural comparisons
  • experimentation

pyb100 (9 decks)

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