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pyb100 > week 3: research methods > Flashcards

week 3: research methods Flashcards

1
Q

what makes a good theory?

A

fits the known facts
makes new testable predictions
is falsifiable

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2
Q

what is theory?

A

a systematic way of organising and explaining observations

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3
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a tentative belief/prediction about the way 2+ variables interact/impact eachother

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4
Q

types of research designs

A 
naturalistic observation 
case study
survey
correlational 
experiment
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5
Q

how to conduct research in psychology

A

1, choose a research design
2, choose a sample
3, choose data collecting techniques (operationalising bias)
4, control sources of bias

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6
Q

what is a naturalistic observation?

A

researcher observes behaviour without intervening

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7
Q

advantages and disadvantages to a naturalistic observation

A

advantages
1, indepth observation in a natural setting
2, can provide new insights
disadvantages
1, reactivity (difficult to remain unobtrusive)

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8
Q

what is a case study?

A

an in depth investigation of an individual person/situation

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9
Q

techniques used in case studies

A

interviews
direct observation
records
psychological tests

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10
Q

advantages and disadvantages to a case study

A

advantages
1, can provide rich data to support a theory
disadvantages
1, may not represent general population
2, subjectivity (investigator may see what they want to see)

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11
Q

what is a survey?

A

the use questionnaires/ interviews to gather info about specific aspects of behaviour

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12
Q

pros and cons to surveys

A 
pro
1, data on difficult to observe behaviour
2, large sample
con
1, self-report unreliable
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13
Q

what is correlational research?

A

the relationship between variables (IV, DV)

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14
Q

pros and cons to correlational research

A

pros
useful for studying variables that cant be altered (sex, age)
cons
can demonstrate a relationship exists but cant demonstrate causality

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15
Q

what is causality?

A

the value of an interdependent variable is the reason for the value of a dependent variable

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16
Q

how do you establish causation?

A

manipulate one variable (iv) in order to see its effect on another variable (dv)

17
Q

what is a population?

A

the entire group of people we are interested in studying

18
Q

what is a sample?

A

a subset of the population

selected for study

19
Q

what is random sampling

A

Each member of the population is

equally likely to be included in the sample

20
Q

what is a representative sample?

A

possesses the important characteristics of the population in the same proportions

21
Q

what is reliability?

A

whether it produces consistent results

22
Q

what is validity?

A

is it measuring what its meant to be

23
Q

how to determine reliability?

A

test-retest reliability
internal consistency
inter-rater reliability

24
Q

what is test-retest reliability?

A

is the test giving similar values if the same participant takes it two or more times?

25
Q

what is internal consistency?

A

Different items that measure the same variable should produce similar answers

26
Q

what is inter-rater reliability?

A

Two testers who rate the same person on the same variable, should give similar ratings to the participant.

27
Q

what is a positive correlation?

A

People with high scores on one variable tend to have high scores on the other variable

28
Q

what is a negative correlation?

A

People with high scores on one variable are likely to have low scores on the other variable

29
Q

what is the IV and DV?

A

IV is cause/thing you change

DV effect/thing you measure

30
Q

what is participant bias?

A

The tendency of people who know they are participants in a study to behave in a way other than they normally would

31
Q

what is the hawthorne effect?

A

participant bias

The tendency of people who know they are participants in a study to behave in a way other than they normally would

32
Q

what is experimenter bias?

A

The tendency of experimenters to let their expectancies alter the way they treat their participants

33
Q

how to control bias?

A

single blind study

double blind study

pyb100 (9 decks)

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