week 7: culture Flashcards
what is indigenous psychology
Understanding across a long history of exploring wellbeing and meaning in human existence
why did indigenous psychology come about
Grew from belief that Indigenous people needed their own psychological framework and not have an imported western framework imposed on their reality
what are the Two fundamental assumptions of psychology
individualism
universality
where did indigenous psychology develop
developed from within and influenced by local cultural context to result in locally relevant psychological knowledge
what are the key aims of indigenous psychology
- Provide leadership
- Ensure access to equitable, quality care that respects and promotes the cultural integrity, regardless of location
- Psychology is responsive and grounded in holistic Indigenous perspectives
- Increase Indigenous entrants into psychology programs
- Quality control of workshops and training programs related to the application of psychology in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander contexts.
- Engage in research to generate improved policy and social and emotional wellbeing and mental health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples
what is Social and Emotional Wellbeing for indigenous people
connection to body mind and emotion family and kinship community culture country spirit/ancestors
9 Guiding Principles in Indigenous Psychology
- Health as holistic
- The right to self-determination
- The need for cultural understanding
- The impact of history in trauma and loss
- Recognition of human rights
- The impact of racism and stigma
- Recognition of the centrality of kinship
- Recognition of cultural diversity
- Recognition of Aboriginal strengths
concerns surrounding first nation Australians
- Legacies of colonisation, oppression & injustice (generational trauma)
- Suicide, violence, alcohol dependence and depression
- Historical and ongoing issues
why is Suicide, violence, alcohol dependence and depression high?
result of multi-generational responses to dispossession and despair
Historical and ongoing issues surrounding first nations
- Dispossession
- Colonisation
- Massacres/atrocities
- Protection/ segregation
- Assimilation policies (including the Stolen Generation & Institutionalisation)
- Northern Territory Intervention
Ongoing Issues for first nations
- Racism
- Stereotypes/myths
- Discrimination
- Poverty
- Disadvantage
- Deaths in custody
- Land rights
- Stolen wages
disadvantages experienced by first nation australians
- health
- housing, -employment
- education
- justice/access
Stages of decolonisation
Rediscovery and recovery Mourning Dreaming Commitment Action
Issues in Cross-Cultural and Indigenous Psychology
different belief systems
reluctancy to talk about differences
white/western models wont benefit
what is culture
the shared rules that govern the behaviour; it is a filter through which we see and understand our current reality
forms of diversity
Age Disability Religion/spirituality Ethnicity/Culture Socioeconomic status Sexual Orientation Indigenous Heritage/Colonisation Status Language Gender
Most research in psychology uses samples from:
Western Educated Industrialised Rich Democratic countries
Cultural vs cross-cultural psychology
Cultural: examine features of cultures, and processes of culture maintenance and change, within cultures
Cross-cultural: identify areas of similarities and difference between cultures
perspective Approaches to culture
emic
etic
what is an emic approach
attempt to understand a culture from the perspective of members
– what cultural members find important and meaningful
what is an etic approach
understanding driven by researcher/general theories
eg.
Do theories fit across different cultural groups?
Look for similarities and differences
5 basic dimensions of culture
power distance individualism vs collectivism masculinity uncertainty avoidance long-term orientation
what is the Power Distance dimension of culture
level of acceptance of inequality between people in a society
what is the Individualism (v. collectivism) dimension of culture
degree to which a society reinforces individual achievement instead of collective achievement and interpersonal relationships
what is the Individualism (v. collectivism) dimension of culture
degree to which a society reinforces individual achievement instead of collective achievement and interpersonal relationships
what is the Masculinity dimension of culture
degree to which societies reinforce the traditional masculine work role model of achievement, control, and power
what is the Uncertainty Avoidance dimension of culture
level of avoidance of uncertainty and ambiguity within a society
what is the Long-term orientation dimension of culture
degree to which societies embraces, or does not embrace, long-term devotion to traditional values – expectations that change occurs slowly
culture and self concepts
interdependent self
independent self
interdependent self
Connected Relational Holistic Collective Allocentric (interest/focus on others)
independent self
Unique Autonomous Self-contained Individualistic Idiocentric (interest/focus on oneself
how many voluntary migrants live in Aus?
7.5 million migrants (29.5% of the population)
how many People Seeking Asylum
4.1 million people seeking asylum globally
different types of short term migrants
international students
temp work visa
intention is to stay temporarily
what is culture shock
a feeling of disorientation and anxiety that occurs as people from one culture encounter and adapt to the practices, rules and expectations of another culture
what are the 4 phases of culture shock
Honeymoon
Disenchantment
Beginning Resolution
Effective Functioning
what is the honeymoon stage of culture shock
initial euphoria and excitement
what is the Disenchantment stage of culture shock
disillusionment and even hostility towards new culture as values and habits conflict with local attitudes and beliefs
what is the Beginning Resolution stage of culture shock
recovery as confidence and understanding of the new culture grows
what is the Effective Functioning stage of culture shock
adjustments as the individual learns how to fit into new cultural environment
what is acculturation
assimilation to a different culture
Level of acculturation
- Degree of affiliation with culture of origin and new culture
- Process that changes over time
- Culture is learned
how is acculturation measured
changes in: Language preferences/abilities Beliefs/attitudes Behaviours: eg. food, participation in customs and traditions, movie/music preferences
what is multiculturalism
Where multiple cultures exist within a country and numbers of minority groups is significant
what is pluralism
Rights of diverse groups to retain their cultural heritage and to co-exist
what are marcias stages of identity
Identity Diffusion
Identity Foreclosure
Identity Moratorium
Identity Achievement
cross-cultural issues
stereotyping ethnocentrism prejudice racism discrimination
what is unconscious bias
inherent or learned stereotype about people that everyone forms without realising it
