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pyb100 > week 4: development psychology > Flashcards

week 4: development psychology Flashcards

1
Q

what is development psychology?

A

the field of study that explores patterns of stability, continuity, growth and change that occur throughout a person’s life.

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2
Q

domains of development

A

physical

cognitive psychosocial

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3
Q

what is cognitive development?

A

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating.

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4
Q

what are Piaget’s cognitive stages

A

Sensorimotor
Preoperational
Concrete operational
Formal operational

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5
Q

what is piagets cognitive theory?

A

children actively construct new understandings of the world based on their experiences

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6
Q

sensorimotor stage age

A

0-2

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7
Q

Preoperational stage age

A

2-7

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8
Q

Concrete operational

age

A

7-12

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9
Q

formal operational age

A

12+

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10
Q

characteristics of piagets sensorimotor stage

A

the world is understood through the senses and actions
object permanence develops
child is completely egocentric

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11
Q

characteristics of Piaget’s Pre-operational Stage

A 
symbolic thoughts develop
object permanence is completely established
focus on perceptual salience
no logic
challenges with conservation
centration
irreversible thoughts
static thought
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12
Q

what is object permanence?

A

a child’s ability to know that objects continue to exist even though they can no longer be seen or heard

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13
Q

what is perceptual salience?

A

focusing on the most obvious features of an object/situation

eg. focusing on the one cloud in the clear sky

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14
Q

what is conservation?

A

object doesn’t change when its appearance is altered in a superficial way
eg, 200ml water in wide vessel vs tall vessel, tall vessel will look like more but it is the same amount

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15
Q

what is centration?

A

Focus on one aspect of a problem/object

eg, sandwich cut in 1/2s compared to 1/4s may seem like different amounts

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16
Q

what is irreversible thought?

A

Cannot mentally undo an action

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17
Q

what is Static thought?

A

Focusing on the end state rather than journey to end state

eg. child believing it will one day wake up and be tall

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18
Q

what is egocentrism?

A

in/ability to see other peoples views

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19
Q

piagets 3 mountain task age groups

A
  • 4- to 6-year-olds take the egocentric perspective

- 9- to 10-year-olds are able to describe the view from the perspective of the other

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20
Q

characteristics of piagets concrete operational stage

A

decentration
reversibility of thought
transformational thought

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21
Q

what is decentration?

A

Can focus on two or more dimensions of a problem at once

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22
Q

what is transformational thought?

A

Can understand the process of change from one state to another

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23
Q

The Formal Operations Stage characteristics

A

systematic solution of actual and hypothetical problems using abstract symbols

24
Q

substages of the sensorimotor stage

A 
reflex activity
primary circular reactions
secondary circular reactions
coordination of secondary schemes
tertiary circular reactions
beginning of thoughts
25
Q

pigets pendulum task

A
26
Q

what is Vygotsky’s theory of development?

A

an emphasis on the role of social and cultural interaction as a motivation for cognitive development/learning

27
Q

what is the zone of proximal development?

A

the space between what a learner can do without assistance and what a learner can do with guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers

28
Q

zone of proximal development concepts

A
  • Children collaborate and strive together to enhance their levels of understanding
  • Children learn through observation and the imitation of significant others (parents)
29
Q

what is psychosocial development?

A

encompasses changes in feeling, self-concept, interpersonal thought, and behaviour across the lifespan

30
Q

what are the 2 psychosocial development theories

A
  1. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development

2. attachment theory

31
Q

what is Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development?

A 
psychosocial development continues throughout the lifespan
each stage (8) represent the resolution of a developmental task (personality, identity)
emphasis on social influence
32
Q

3 key features in Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development

A

cultural sensitivity
an integration of biological, psychological and cultural considerations
supporting empirical evidence

33
Q

8 stages of psychosocial development

A
  1. trust vs mistrust
  2. autonomy vs shame/doubt
  3. initiative vs guilt
  4. industry vs inferiority
  5. identity vs role confusion
  6. intimacy vs isolation
  7. generativity vs stagnation
  8. ego integrity vs despair
34
Q

what is the age and development in the trust vs mistrust stage of psychosocial development

A

birth-1
focus on oral-sensory activity
development of trusting relationships with caregivers and of self-trust (hope)

35
Q

what is the age and development in the autonomy vs shame/doubt stage of psychosocial development?

A

1-3
focus on muscular-anal activity
development of control over bodily functions and activities (will)

36
Q

what is the age and development in the initiative vs guilt psychosocial stage?

A

3-6
focus on locomotor-genital activity
testing limits of self-assertion and purposefulness (purpose)

37
Q

what is the age and development in the industry vs inferiority psychosocial stage?

A

6-12

focus on mastery, competence and productivity (competence)

38
Q

what is the age and development in the identity vs role confusion

A

12-19

focus on formation of identity and coherent self-concept (fidelity)

39
Q

what is the age and development in the intimacy vs isolation psychosocial stage?

A

19-25

focus on achievement of an intimate relationship and career direction (love)

40
Q

what is the age and development in the generativity vs stagnation psychosocial stage?

A

25-50

focus on fulfilment through creative, productive activity that contributes to future generations (care)

41
Q

what is the age and development in the ego integrity vs despair psychosocial stage?

A

50+

focus on belief in integrity of life, including successes and failures (wisdom)

42
Q

what is attachment theory?

A

strong and enduring emotional bond that develops between an infant and a caregiver during the infants first years of life

43
Q

what does attachment imply for the future of that child?

A

has implications for both concurrent and future psychological and social adjustment

44
Q

what does attachment reflect?

A

a desire by the child to be close to the caregiver
the sense of security around the caregiver
feelings of distress when caregiver is absent

45
Q

how do we measure attachment?

A

mother leaves child (12-18months) alone in room of toys. a stranger briefly joins the child and then the mother rejoins her child.
measured the reaction of the child to the mother upon her leaving and returning

46
Q

what are the patterns of attachment?

A

secure
avoidant
ambivalent
disorganised

47
Q

what is the relationship in a secure attachment style?

A

child welcomes mothers return and seeks closeness

48
Q

what is the relationship in an avoidant attachment style?

A

child ignores mother

49
Q

what is the relationship in an ambivalent attachment style?

A

child exhibits anger at mother while seeking to be close

50
Q

what is the relationship in a disorganised attachment style?

A

child may approach mother but gaze away, and may show odd motor behaviour and dazed facial expressions

51
Q

what does a secure attachment predict?

A

healthy balance of attachment and autonomy

freedom to explore

52
Q

what does an avoidant attachment predict?

A

shuts out emotions
defends against hurt by avoiding intimacy
dismisses the importance of relationships
compulsively self-reliant

53
Q

what does a resistant/ambivalent attachment predict?

A

desperate for love to feel worthy as a person
abandonment issues
express anxiety and danger openly

54
Q

what does a disorganised attachment predict?

A

need relationships but doubts own worth
fear of intimacy
lack of coherent strategies for meeting attachment needs

55
Q

what are the parenting styles?

A

authoritarian
permissive
authoritative
uninvolved

pyb100 (9 decks)

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