Week 9 Person-Centered Therapy Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Question 1

Theory of Person Centered Therapy

Answer 1

• The counsellor’s job is to treat the client according to the belief that clients are unique, valuable, and self-determining
• As the counsellor repeatedly allows the client to take control in therapy the client sees their own value and power

Question 2

Self-actualization means

Answer 2

-All people have the internal drive to get better

Question 3

Process of Person Centered Therapy (6)

Answer 3

• Completely non-directive
• No goal-setting unless initiated by the client
• Mostly reflection is used
• Very limited use of questions, challenging, interpretation, advice
• Direct client questions are answered to show respect to the client
• The course of counselling can be long or short. It depends on what the client decides

Question 4

How Change Happens in Person Centered Therapy

Answer 4

-counsellor continually defers to the client, shows unconditional positive regard, and congruence, and allows the client to take control in counselling the client begins to see themself as someone of value, who can influence people and situations, and who has control over her own life – an “internal locus of control” develops.

Question 5

Doing Person Centered Therapy (7 things)

Answer 5

• Use paraphasing, empathy, and reflections to understand the client’s world as deeply as possible
• Eliminate or minimize questions.
• Do not use interpretation/reframes, advice, or directives.
• Focus on the client; use you and your and the client’s name.
• IMPORTANT: reflect meaning and feeling, paraphrasing, and summarization.
• Help client towards self-actualization by looking for positives
• Sparingly use selected influencing skills— feedback, confrontation, and self-disclosure.

Question 6

Theory of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Answer 6

• There is an objective reality (a right and a wrong way to think)
• Client’s struggles are caused by distorted thinking – thinking that doesn’t reflect reality
• If a counsellor can change a client’s thinking so it better represents reality the client’s struggles will be relieved

Question 7

Process of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (4steps)

Answer 7

• -Assessment
• -Target behaviours/thoughts for change
• -Educate
• Counsellor helps the client to see how their thoughts or behaviours are irrational/dysfunctional
• -Replace & refrain
• Counselor helps the client to replace their irrational/dysfunctional thoughts and behaviours with rational/functional ones

Question 8

How Change Happens

Answer 8

When client changes their thoughts from irrational to rational and then practices thinking and behaving based on the new rational thoughts

Question 9

Doing CBT (4 steps)

Answer 9

• Create “Thought Record”
• Identify irrational thoughts/beliefs
• Build evidence of “irrationality” of thoughts through experiments
• Track the change in beliefs