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Anatomy BMSC > Week 9- Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder > Flashcards

Week 9- Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the humerus articulate with the scapula?

A

Glenoid cavity.

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2
Q

Where does the clavicle articulate with the scapula?

A

Acromion

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3
Q

Which three muscles attach to the corocoid process of the scapula?

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachiallis
Pectoralis minor.

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4
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A

Attaches from the body of the sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 1-6 and the clavicle and inserts onto the outer lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.

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5
Q

What is the function of pectoralis major?

A

It adducts and flexes the arm (flexion of the arm is when you bring it forward and up).
Also medially rotates the humerus.

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6
Q

What nerves supply pectoralis major?

A

Medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-7) pectoral nerves.

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7
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

A

The 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs to the corocoid process of the scapula.

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8
Q

What is the function of pectoralis minor?

A

It pulls your shoulder anterior and inferior.

When the shoulders are fixed it elevates the ribs.

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9
Q

What nerve supplies pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8-T1).

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10
Q

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

A

Attaches from the outer surface of the upper 8 ribs to the medial border of the scapula.

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11
Q

What is the function of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction of the scapula.

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12
Q

Which nerve supplies serratus anterior?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7).

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle?

A

Superiorly at the superior nuchal line and on the spinous processes of C7-T12 to the lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula.

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14
Q

What is the function of the trapezius muscle?

A

The descending fibres (attach to the head) elevate the scapula.
The transversing fibres retract the scapula
The ascending fibres depress the scapula

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?

A

The spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)- motor

C3,4 for pain.

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16
Q

What are the attachments of the lattismus dorsi muscle?

A

Attach to the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crests, the spinous processes of the lower 6 thoracic vertebrae to the bicipital groove of the humerus.

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17
Q

What is the function of lattismus dorsi?

A

Extension, medial rotation and adduction of the arm. (the lat muscle comes through the axilla and onto the anterior surface of the humerus, therefore when tensed will medially rotate the humerus).

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18
Q

What nerve supplies the lattismus dorsi muscle?

A

The thoracodorsal nerve C6-8 (from posterior cord of brachial plexus)

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19
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapulae?

A

Attaches from the medial border (superior to the spine) of the scapula to the transverse processes of C1-4.

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20
Q

What is the function of levator scapulae?

A

Elevates shoulder.

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21
Q

What nerve supplies levator scapulae?

A

Direct C3,4 and 5 via dorsal scapular nerve

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22
Q

What are the attachments of rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

Rhomboid major is from 2-5 thoracic spines to the medial border of the scapula.
Rhomboid minor is from the nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spinous processes to the medial end of the spine of the scapula.

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23
Q

What are the functions of the rhomboids?

A

Retract the scapula

24
Q

What nerve supplies the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)

25
Q

What are the attachments of the deltoid muscle?

A

Lateral 1/3rd of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula to the deltoid tuberosity on the humerus.

26
Q

What is the function of the deltoid muscle?

A

Abduction for the from 10-110 degrees.
The posterior fibres can extend and laterally rotate the arm
The anterior fibres can flex and medially rotate the arm.

27
Q

What nerve supplies the deltoid muscle?

A

Axillary nerve (C5,6).

28
Q

What are the attachments of the teres major muscle?

A

Lateral border of the scapula to the medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus.

29
Q

What is the function of the teres major muscle?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of the arm.

30
Q

What nerve supplies teres major?

A

Subscapular branch of the posterior cord (C5,6).

31
Q

What are the attachments of the subclavius muscle?

A

Sternal end of the first rib to the middle third of the underside of the clavicle.

32
Q

What is the function of the subclavius muscle?

A

Holds the clavicle down when abducting the shoulder.

33
Q

What nerve supplies the subclavius muscle?

A

Nerve to subclavius (C5,6)

34
Q

Which four muscles form the rotator cuff?

A

Teres minor
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Subscapularis.

35
Q

What is the function of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Keep the humeral head in the glenoid cavity.

36
Q

What are the attachments of subscapularis?

A

Subscapula fossa (anterior on the scapula in the depression) to the lesser tubercle on the humerus. This means it crosses anteriorly on the humerus.

37
Q

What is the function of subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates the arm.

38
Q

What nerve supplies subscapularis?

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves C5,6,7. (from posterior cord of brachial plexus).

39
Q

What are the attachments of supraspinatous?

A

Supraspinatous fossa of scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus

40
Q

What is the function of supraspinatous?

A

Abducts the arm for the first 15 degrees.

41
Q

Which nerve supplies supraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from superior trunk.

42
Q

What are the attachments of infraspinatous?

A

Infraspinous fossa to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

43
Q

What is the function of infraspinatous?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm.

44
Q

Which nerve supplies infraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from superior trunk.

45
Q

What are the attachments of teres minor?

A

Upper 2/3rds of lateral border of the scapula to greater tubercle of the humerus.

46
Q

What is the function of teres minor?

A 
Lateral rotation of the arm. 
Axillary nerve (C5,6) posterior branch of the brachial plexus.
47
Q

What ligaments are associated with the shoulder joint?

A

There are superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments.
Coracohumeral ligament.
Transverse humeral ligament
Coraco-clavicular ligament.

48
Q

What are the attachments and function of the glenohumeral ligaments?

A

Connect the humerus to the glenoid fossa forming the joint capsule.

49
Q

What are the attachments for the coracohumeral ligaments?

A

They attach from the corocoid process of the scapula to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

50
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse humeral ligaments? What is its function?

A

Spans between the two tubercles of the humerus. It holds the tendon of the long head of the biceps in the intertubercular groove.

51
Q

Which ligaments are associated with the clavicle?

A

Acromioclavicular ligament
Coracoclavicular ligament
Coracoacromial ligament (acc associated with the scapular)
Also anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments.
Costoclavicular- to 1st rib.

52
Q

The aorta has three branches. A brachiocephalic trunk, a left common carotid and a left subclavian. What does the brachiocephalic trunk split into?

A

A right common carotid and right subclavian.

53
Q

The subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery when it passes across the lateral border of rib 1. Before this the subclavian artery gives off several branches. What are these?

A

A vertebral artery.
A thyrocervical artery. Which then gives off another branch called the dorsal scapular.
A costocervical trunk
And the internal thoracic artery.

54
Q

What is the quadrangular space?

What passes through it?

A

A gap in the posterior wall of the axilla. Formed by the teres major, the humerus, the teres minor and the long head of biceps brachii
The axillary nerve passes through here and the posterior circumflex humeral artery.

55
Q

What is the triangular space?

What passes through it?

A

A space in the axilla region. It is bordered superiorly by teres minor and subscapularis, laterally by the long head of the triceps and inferiorly by the superior border of teres major.
The radial nerve and profunda brachia artery pass through here.

Anatomy BMSC (20 decks)

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