Week 9- Muscles of the vertebral Column Flashcards
What are the functions of the vertebral column?
Muscle attachment Mobility Protection Weight transfer Haematopoeisis
What are the curvatures of the spine?
You have primary and secondary curvatures. The primary curvatures are the ones present from the fetal period. This being the thoracic kyphosis and sacral kyphosis.
The secondary curvatures are the lordosis found in the lumbar and cervical regions.
What is the term for a lateral curvature of the spine?
Scoliosis.
What is unique about the atlas?
Where does the atlas articulate and with what?
C1 has no body. Instead has lateral masses that weight bear. It is formed by an anterior and posterior arch, each with a tubercle.
The atlas articulates with the occipital condyles at the superior articular surface.
What is unique about the axis?
It has a dens (odontoid process) that projects up to articulate with the atlas. It has flat superior articular processes for rotation.
Name some bony features of the cervical vertebrae?
They have uncinate processes on their superior surface. They also have a foramen in their transverse process called the transverse foramen.
They also have anterior and posterior tubercles with a groove for the spinal nerve.
Bifid spinous process.
What is unique about the thoracic vertebra?
They have costal facets for articulation with the ribs.
They have nearly vertical superior and inferior articular facets
They have a long sloping spinous process.
Describe the bony features of the lumbar vertebrae?
They have large, kidney shaped vertebral bodies.
They have accessory processes on each transverse process and mamillary processes on each superior articular process.
Articular facets are directed posteriomedially (superior) and anterolaterally (inferior).
What makes up the sacrum?
5 fused sacral vertebrae.
Describe the crests on the posterior aspect of the sacrum?
Median crest- formed by the spinous processes of the fused vertebra.
Intermediate crest- formed by the articular processes of the fused vertebra
Lateral crest- formed by the transverse processes of the fused vertebra.
What makes up the coccyx?
Fusion of 4 vertebra.
What are the joints between superior and inferior articular processes on the vertebra classified as?
They are zygapophysial joints (also known as plane synovial joints)
What are the joints between intervertebral discs classified as?
Known as secondary cartilaginous joints.
What makes up the intervertebral discs?
An outer shell of annulus fibrosis and an inner core of nucleus pulposus.
How can the extrinsic muscles of the back be divided (in groups)?
Into superficial extrinsic muscles and intermediate extrinsic muscles.
The intermediate extrinsic muscles are the accessory muscles of respiration.
List the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back?
Trapezius Lattimus Dorsi Rhomboid Major Rhomboid Minor Levator Scapulae
What are the attachments of the trapezius muscle?
Originates from the skull. Attaches to the nuchal ligament and the spinous processes of C7-T12.
Inserts onto the lateral clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula.
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle?
The spinal accessory nerve supplies the trapezius muscle.
What are the attachments of the lattismus dorsi muscle?
The spinous processes of T7-12, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crests and the lower 3/4 ribs.
Inserts onto the edge of the bicipital groove of the humerus.
