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Anatomy BMSC > Week 2- Thoracic wall > Flashcards

Week 2- Thoracic wall Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the thoracic cage?

A

Ribcage, sternum, scapula, clavicle.

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2
Q

What makes up the superior thoracic aperture?

A

The superior border of the manubrium of the sternum, rib 1 and its costal cartilage, the body of vertebra 1

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3
Q

What makes up the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

The xiphoid process of the sternum, ribs 7-10 costal cartilages, ribs 11 and 12 and the body of T12 vertebra.

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4
Q

Where do the ribs articulate with the vertebra?

A

Example rib 10:
Articulates with the body of T10 at the inferior costal facet, and with the body of T9 at the superior costal facet. Also the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process at the costotransverse joint.

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5
Q

How can ribs be classified?

A

Either into typical (3,4,5,6,7,8,9) and atypical (1,2, 10,11,12)
Or into type- true (1-7), false (8-10), floating (11&12).

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6
Q

Describe typical ribs?

A

Head- 2 articular surfaces separated by a crest. Wedge shaped.
Neck- connects the head and bony, has a tubercle.
Tubercle- has an articular and non-articular part
Body-thin, flat and curved

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7
Q

What makes rib 1 atypical?

A

Only articulates with T1 as the cervical vertebra don’t have superior costal facets.
Has grooves for the subclavian vessels which are separated by scalene tubercle (area for scalene muscle to attach).

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8
Q

What makes rib 2 atypical?

A

Has a tuberosity for serratus anterior on the superior surface.

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9
Q

What is atypical about ribs 10,11 and 12?

A

They only have one facet on the head- they only articulate with a single vertebra.
Ribs 11 and 12- Short with no neck or tubercle.

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10
Q

Where does rib 2 articulate?

A

At the manubriosternal joint (joining between the manubrium and the sternum)
Above this rib 1 articulates on the manubrium.
Below this ribs 3-6 articulate with the body of the sternum.
Rib 7 articulates with the xiphisternal joint.

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11
Q

What are the areas in which the ribs articulate with the sternum called?

A

costal notches.

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12
Q

What sort of joint occurs between the vertebra and intervertebral discs?

A

Secondary cartilaginous joint.

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13
Q

What sort of joint occurs between the inferior articular facet of one vertebra and the superior articular facet of another vertebra?

A

Synovial plane joint- also known as the zygopophyseal joint

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14
Q

What type of joints occur between the ribs and the sternum?

A

Rib 1- Primary cartilaginous (synchondrosis)
Ribs 2-7- synovial plane
Interchondral joints where the cartilage of one ribs attaches to the others. These are all synovial plane joints except for between ribs 9 and 10.

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15
Q

Describe the movements of rib 1-6?

A

Described as being pump handle movement.

The ribs move up and out expanding the thoracic cavity superiorly and anteroposteriorly.

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16
Q

Describe the movements of ribs 7-12?

A

Described as being bucket handle movement.

The ribs expand laterally.

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17
Q

On the lower ribs, the axis of the ribs is described as being more what?

A

More posterior.

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18
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration at rest?

A

Diaphragm.

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19
Q

What are the secondary muscles of respiration?

A 
Scalene muscles
Serrates posterior (divided into superior and inferior)
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20
Q

Which nerve supplies the pec major?

A

Medial (C8, T1) and lateral (C5,6,7) pectoral nerves

21
Q

Which nerve supplies the pec minor?

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1).

22
Q

What nerve roots supply the external oblique muscle?
Which nerve roots supply the internal oblique?
Which nerve roots supply the transversus abdominus?
Which nerve roots supply the rectus abdominus muscle?

A

T7-T12.
T7-L1
T7-L1
T7-T12.

23
Q

Which nerve supplies the serrates anterior muscleS? What are its nerve roots?

A

Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)

24
Q

Where are the scalene muscles located?

A

In the neck- there are three pairs.

25
Q

What supplies the anterior scalene muscle?

A

Anterior rami of C3-7

26
Q

What supplies the middle scalene muscle?

A

Anterior rami of C4-7

27
Q

What supplies the posterior scalene muscles?

A

Anterior rami of C5-7.

28
Q

What supplies serratus posterior superior?

A

2nd-5th Intercostal nerves

29
Q

What supplies serratus posterior inferior?

A

Anterior rami of T9-12.

30
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscles?

A

External intercostal
Internal intercostal
Innermost intercostal

31
Q

Where do the external intercostal muscles attach?

A

From the tubercles of the ribs to the costochondral junction. Fibres run down and medial.

32
Q

What replaces the external intercostal muscles anteriorly?

A

Anteriorly replaced by the external intercostal membrane

33
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Raise the ribs during inspiration.

34
Q

Where do the internal intercostal muscles attach?

A

From the sternum to the angle of the ribs.

35
Q

What replaces the internal intercostal muscle posteriorly?

A

The internal intercostal membrane.

36
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscle?

A

Interosseous part depresses ribs

Interchondral part raises ribs.

37
Q

Where would you find the innermost intercostals?

A

Deep to the internal intercostals. Fibres run in the same direction as the internal intercostals.

38
Q

Where would you find the subcostal muscle?

A

Found near the angle of the ribs. Spans over 1 or 2 intercostal spaces.

39
Q

Where would you find the transversus thoracis?

A

Radiates from the sides of the sternum to costal cartilages between ribs 2-6.

40
Q

Where are the neurovascular bundles between ribs found?

A

Run in the costal groove between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles.

41
Q

How do you tell which order the bundle is in?

A

VAN
V-vein (intercostal)
A-artery (intercostal)
N-nerve (intercostal)

42
Q

Where do anterior intercostal arteries come from?

A

Ribs 1-6 internal thoracic artery.

Ribs 7-9- musculophrenic artery.

43
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries come from?

A

Ribs 1 and 2- from supreme intercostal artery

Ribs 3-11 and subcostal artery -Direct branches from the thoracic aorta.

44
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the intercostal spaces?

A

Anteriorly- anterior intercostal veins to the internal thoracic vein
Posteriorly- posterior intercostal veins to the azygous or hemiazygous system.

45
Q

Which dermatome does the nipple belong in?

A

T4

46
Q

Which dermatome does the umbilicus lie in?

A

T10.

47
Q

Describe the arterial blood supply to the breast?

A

Medial mammary branches- from the internal thoracic artery.

Lateral mammary branches- from lateral thoracic artery.

48
Q

Describe the venous blood drainage from the breast?

A

Medial and lateral mammary veins.

49
Q

Where does 75% of the lymph from the breast drain too?

Where does the other 25% go?

A

Axillary nodes

Some to the parasternal and some to the abdominal nodes.

Anatomy BMSC (20 decks)

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