Week 10- anterior forearm

Question 1

The anterior forearm has muscles that do what function?

What are the muscles common attachment points?

Answer 1

Flex the wrist and digits.

Muscles attach to the medial epicondyle (some attach to the aponeurosis near it but it is in the same general area).

Question 2

What is the medial epicondyle also known as?

Answer 2

The common flexor origin

Question 3

What nerve (minus a few exceptions) supplies the anterior forearm?

Answer 3

Median nerve. (Ulnar nerve supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and the ring/middle finger side of flexor digitorum profundus)

Question 4

Name the four muscles in the superficial group of the anterior forearm?

Answer 4

Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 5

What are the attachments of pronator teres?
What is the function of pronator teres?
What nerve supplies it?

Answer 5

The medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulnar to the lateral radial shaft.
It pronates the forearm.
Supplied by the median nerve

Question 6

What are the attachments of flexor carpi radialis?
What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?
What nerve supplies it?

Answer 6

The medial epicondyle of the humerus to the base of the 2nd metacarpal (index finger).
It flexes (and slightly abducts) the wrist.
Supplied by the median nerve.

Question 7

What are the attachments of palmaris longus?
What is the function of palmaris longus?
What nerve supplies it?

Answer 7

Attaches from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the palmar fascia in the hand.
It tightens the aponeurosis and aids with wrist flexion.
Supplied by the median nerve.

Question 8

What are the attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris?
What is the function of flexor carpi ulnaris?
What nerve supplies it?

Answer 8

Attaches from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the base of the 5th metacarpal (little finger).
It flexes and adducts the wrist.
Supplied by the ulnar nerve.

Question 9

What muscle makes up the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

Answer 9

Flexor digitorum superficialis.

Question 10

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis?
What is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?
What nerve supplies it?

Answer 10

It attaches from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulnar to the middle phalanges of digits 2-5. (attaches laterally on the MIPs).

It flexes the MCPs and PIPs and flex the wrist.
Supplied by the median nerve.

Question 11

Which muscles make up the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

Answer 11

Flexor digitorum profundus.
Flexor pollicus longus
Pronator quadratus

Question 12

What is unique about flexor digitorum profundus?
What are the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus?
What is the function of flexor digitorum superficialis?
What nerve supplies flexor digitorum superficialis?

Answer 12

Flexor digitorum profundus divides into 4 tendons supplying digits 2-5.
Flexor digitorum profundus attaches from the ulnar and interosseous membrane to the DIPs of digits 2-5.
Flexor digitorum superficialis flexes the digits at the DIPS, PIPs and MCPs. Also flexes the wrist.
The ring/little finger side is supplied by the ulnar nerve. The index and middle finger side is supplied by the median nerve- anterior interosseous branch.

Question 13

What are the attachments of flexor pollicus longus?
What is the function of flexor pollicus longus?
What is flexor pollicus longus supplied by?

Answer 13

Radius and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalynx of the thumb.
It flexes the thumb at the PIPs and MCPs and the wrist.
Supplied by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve.

Question 14

What are the attachments of pronator quadratus?

Answer 14

It attaches from the distal anterior radius to the distal anterior ulna.

Question 15

Does the median nerve pass through or over the carpal tunnel?

Answer 15

It passes through the carpal tunnel.

Question 16

What are the root values for the median nerve?

Answer 16

(C5),C6, C7, C8, T1

Question 17

What are the root values for the axillary nerve?

Answer 17

C5, 6

Question 18

What are the root values for the musculocutaneous nerve?

Answer 18

C5, 6, 7

Question 19

What are the root values for the radial nerve?

Answer 19

(C5), C6, C7, C8, (T1)

Question 20

What are the root values for the ulnar nerve?

Answer 20

(C7), C8, T1.

Question 21

How does the ulnar nerve pass into the hand?

Answer 21

Passes over the carpal tunnel with the ulnar artery on the ring/little finger side of the forearm,

Question 22

Where does the median nerve pass through the anterior forearm?

Answer 22

It passes between the heads of pronator teres

Question 23

How does the ulnar nerve pass into the hand?

Answer 23

The ulnar nerve is from the medial cord. It passes by the medial epicondyle of the humerus and over the carpal tunnel (to the pisiform wrist bone) with the ulnar artery on the ring/little finger side of the forearm,

Question 24

Describe the path of the ulnar artery?

Answer 24

It is a branch of the brachial artery. The brachial artery bifurcates to give off the radial and ulnar arteries. The ulnar artery gives off a common interosseous branch which then divides into anterior and posterior interosseous. The ulnar artery continues down the medial side of the forearm and passes with the ulnar nerve on the little finger side above the carpal tunnel. Here it forms the majority of the superficial palmar arch.

Question 25

What bones make up the wrist?

Answer 25

Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle

S- scaphoid
L- lunate
T- triquetrum
P-pisiform
T-trapezium
T-trapezoid
C-capitate
H-hamate

The scaphoid bone sits on the thumb side!!

Question 26

What sort of joints are the wrist joints?

Answer 26

Synovial planar joints.

Question 27

Why does the hamate bone have a hook?

Answer 27

Its for the attachment of the flexor retinaculum.

Question 28

What ligaments help to stabilise the wrist?

Answer 28

The medial and lateral collateral ligaments strengthen the joint and stop dislocation.
The flexor retinaculum is a thickened fibrous sheath that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel.

Question 29

What are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum?

Answer 29

Medially- attaches to the hook of the hamate
Laterally- tubercle of scaphoid and ridge on trapezium
Attach to the thenar and hypothenar eminences.

Question 30

What passes through the carpal tunnel (name everything)?

Answer 30

10 structures pass through the carpal tunnel
4 tendons from flexor digitorum superficialis
4 tendons from flexor digitorum profundus
1 tendon from flexor pollicus longus
Median nerve.