Week 2- Pleura and the lungs Flashcards
How is the thorax divided?
Into the right and left hemithorax.
Describe the linings of the pulmonary cavity?
Has two layers- called pleura- described as a serous membrane.
Parietal pleura is the outside layer that adheres to the pulmonary cavity.
Visceral pleura covers the organs.
Describe the divisions of the parietal pleura.
Parietal pleura can be divided into costal parietal pleura, diaphragmatic parietal pleura, mediastinal parietal pleura and cervical parietal pleura.
Where are the two layers of pleura continuous with one another?
At the lung hilum.
What is the sleeve of pleura hanging from the lung hilum called?
The pulmonary ligament.
What adheres the costal parietal pleura to the thoracic wall?
The endothoracic fascia. Its a layer of connective tissue.
What is the endothoracic fascia continuous with?
Its continuous with the suprapleural membrane.
This stops the lungs expanding up the way into the neck.
Describe the surface markings for the lungs (in terms of ribs) at the mid axillary, mid clavicular and scapular line.
Mid-axillary lines- rib 8
Mid clavicular line- Rib 6
Scapular line (at the back as far down as the lungs go)- rib 10.
Describe the surface markings for the parietal pleura (in terms of ribs) at the mid axillary, mid clavicular and scapular line.
Mid axillary- Rib 10
Mid clavicular- Rib 8
Scapular line- rib 12.
What recess is created by the lungs and the diaphragm?
What is the clinical significance of this?
Costodiaphragmatic recess.
Lowest point in the thorax so fluid from the thoracic cavity will collect here.
Where is the costomediastinal recess found?
Posterior to the sternum.
Top of the lung is called?
Apex
Which lung has three lobes?
Right lung
Which fissure is present in both lungs?
Oblique fissure
What is the fissure only present in the right lung called?
Horizontal fissure.
What are the three surfaces of the lung?
Costal, mediastinal and diaphragmatic surfaces.
What surface markings can allow you to recognise the right lung?
Small cardiac impression.
SVC impression above this.
Oesophageal impression laterally.
Two fissures
What surface markings allow you to recognise the left lung?
Huge indentation for the arch and descending aorta.
Bigger cardiac impression
What is the lingula of the lung?
Medial on the upper lobe. Little bit of lung that hangs down.
Describe the orientation at the lung hilum.
Pulmonary arteries- superiorly in the hilum
Pulmonary veins- most inferior and anterior structure
Bronchus- most posterior structure.
Describe the bifurcation of the bronchial?
First at the carina (level T4) from trachea to the right and left main bronchus. Then it bifurcates into lobar bronchi (3 on right, 2 on left) and then segmental bronchi
Segments of the lungs will drain to which lymph nodes?
Pulmonary lobes.
Where will pulmonary lobes drain too?
Bronchopulmonary nodes.
Where do bronchopulmonary nodes drain too?
Either inferior trachiobronchial nodes or superior tranchiobronchial nodes (hilar nodes).
