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NURS 252 > Week 9 - Neuro > Flashcards

Week 9 - Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Frontal lobe

A

concerned with personality, behaviour, emotions and intellectual function

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2
Q

Parietal lobe

A

primary centre for sensation

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3
Q

Occipital lobe

A

primary visual receptor center

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4
Q

Temporal lobe

A

primary auditory reception centre

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5
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

Associated with language comprehension. Located in temporal lobe.

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6
Q

What happens is wernicke’s area is damaged?

A

receptive aphasia: a person hears words but they have no meaning

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7
Q

Brocas area

A

Located in the frontal lobe. Mediates motor speech.

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8
Q

what happens if broca’s area is damaged?

A

expressive aphasia. The person cannot talk but they can understand speech.

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9
Q

A bundle of fibres outside the CNS

A

nerve

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

olfactory nerve

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11
Q

How do you test CN 1?

A

test sense of smell one nostril at a time

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12
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

optic nerve

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13
Q

How do you test CN 2?

A
  1. Snellen - visual acuity

2. Confrontation test - visual fields and peripheral vision

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14
Q

CN 3

A

oculomotor nerve

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15
Q

CN 4

A

trochlear

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16
Q

CN 6

A

Abducens nerve

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17
Q

Which 3 cranial nerves are tested together?

A

3,4 and 6 (CNs 3,4 and 6 make the eyes do tricks)

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18
Q

How do you test cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6

A

PERRLA and cardinal positions of gaze

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19
Q

CN 5

A

trigeminal nerve

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20
Q

How do you test CN 5?

A

palpate the temporal and master muscles as the patient clenches the teeth and then test light tough sensation with a cotton wisp

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21
Q

Cranial nerve 7

A

facial nerve

22
Q

How do you test cranial nerve 7

A

ask the patient to frown, close eyes tightly, lift eyebrows, show teeth and puff cheeks. Note symmetry

23
Q

Cranial nerve 8

A

acoustic nerve

24
Q

How do you test CN 8

A

test hearing acuity by using the whispered voice test

25
Q

Cranial nerve 9

A

glossopharyngeal

26
Q

CN 10

A

Vagus

27
Q

How are CNs 9 and 10 tested?

A

depress the tongue and note movement as the patient says “ahhh”

28
Q

Cranial nerve 11

A

spinal accessory nerve

29
Q

How is cranial nerve 11 tested?

A

check the strength of the sternomastoid and the trapezius muscles

30
Q

Cranial nerve 12

A

hypoglossal nerve

31
Q

How is CN 12 tested?

A

make the patient stick out their tongue, There should be no tremors

32
Q

What does the Romberg test assess?

A

cerebellar function (balance)

33
Q

What does the rapid alternating movements assess?

A

cerebellar function (coordination)

34
Q

Heel to shin test

A

is assessed on every stroke patient. If the person fails they could have cerebellar dysfunction

35
Q

Clonus

A

set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

36
Q

4+ reflex

A

very brisk, hyperactive of clonus, indicative of disease

37
Q

3+ reflex

A

brisker than average, may indicate disease

38
Q

2+ reflex

A

average, normal

39
Q

1+ reflex

A

diminished, low normal

40
Q

0 reflex

A

no response

41
Q

Spasticity

A

an early sign of cerebral palsy. In affected infants, after you release the flexed knees, the legs quickly extend and adduct

42
Q

What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of neurological status?

A

change in LOC

43
Q

Complacency of a previously combative patient can suggest

A

a change in the level of consciousness

44
Q

How does pupil dilation occur with increased ICP

A

increasing ICP pushes the brainstem down, which puts pressure on cranial nerve 3

45
Q

What is cushings triad

A

widening pulse pressure, irregular breathing and bradycardia

46
Q

What does a GCS of 7 or lower suggest?

A

coma

47
Q

Peripheral neuropathy

A

loss of sensation that occurs with diabetes and alcohol use

48
Q

Decorticate rigidity

A

flexion of arms, wrists and fingers. Arms are tightly crossed across chest. Feet are plantar flexed

49
Q

What does decorticate rigidity indicate?

A

a hemispheric lesion of the cerebral cortex

50
Q

decerebrate rigidity

A

arms stiffly extended by sides and internally rotated, palms are pronated

51
Q

what does decerebrate rigidity suggest

A

it is an ominous sign of a lesion in the brain stem

NURS 252 (10 decks)

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