Week 9 - Neuro

Question 1

Frontal lobe

Answer 1

concerned with personality, behaviour, emotions and intellectual function

Question 2

Parietal lobe

Answer 2

primary centre for sensation

Question 3

Occipital lobe

Answer 3

primary visual receptor center

Question 4

Temporal lobe

Answer 4

primary auditory reception centre

Question 5

Wernicke’s area

Answer 5

Associated with language comprehension. Located in temporal lobe.

Question 6

What happens is wernicke’s area is damaged?

Answer 6

receptive aphasia: a person hears words but they have no meaning

Question 7

Brocas area

Answer 7

Located in the frontal lobe. Mediates motor speech.

Question 8

what happens if broca’s area is damaged?

Answer 8

expressive aphasia. The person cannot talk but they can understand speech.

Question 9

A bundle of fibres outside the CNS

Answer 9

nerve

Question 10

Cranial Nerve 1

Answer 10

olfactory nerve

Question 11

How do you test CN 1?

Answer 11

test sense of smell one nostril at a time

Question 12

Cranial nerve 2

Answer 12

optic nerve

Question 13

How do you test CN 2?

Answer 13

1. Snellen - visual acuity

2. Confrontation test - visual fields and peripheral vision

Question 14

CN 3

Answer 14

oculomotor nerve

Question 15

CN 4

Answer 15

trochlear

Question 16

CN 6

Answer 16

Abducens nerve

Question 17

Which 3 cranial nerves are tested together?

Answer 17

3,4 and 6 (CNs 3,4 and 6 make the eyes do tricks)

Question 18

How do you test cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6

Answer 18

PERRLA and cardinal positions of gaze

Question 19

CN 5

Answer 19

trigeminal nerve

Question 20

How do you test CN 5?

Answer 20

palpate the temporal and master muscles as the patient clenches the teeth and then test light tough sensation with a cotton wisp

Question 21

Cranial nerve 7

Answer 21

facial nerve

Question 22

How do you test cranial nerve 7

Answer 22

ask the patient to frown, close eyes tightly, lift eyebrows, show teeth and puff cheeks. Note symmetry

Question 23

Cranial nerve 8

Answer 23

acoustic nerve

Question 24

How do you test CN 8

Answer 24

test hearing acuity by using the whispered voice test

Question 25

Cranial nerve 9

Answer 25

glossopharyngeal

Question 26

CN 10

Answer 26

Vagus

Question 27

How are CNs 9 and 10 tested?

Answer 27

depress the tongue and note movement as the patient says "ahhh"

Question 28

Cranial nerve 11

Answer 28

spinal accessory nerve

Question 29

How is cranial nerve 11 tested?

Answer 29

check the strength of the sternomastoid and the trapezius muscles

Question 30

Cranial nerve 12

Answer 30

hypoglossal nerve

Question 31

How is CN 12 tested?

Answer 31

make the patient stick out their tongue, There should be no tremors

Question 32

What does the Romberg test assess?

Answer 32

cerebellar function (balance)

Question 33

What does the rapid alternating movements assess?

Answer 33

cerebellar function (coordination)

Question 34

Heel to shin test

Answer 34

is assessed on every stroke patient. If the person fails they could have cerebellar dysfunction

Question 35

Clonus

Answer 35

set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle

Question 36

4+ reflex

Answer 36

very brisk, hyperactive of clonus, indicative of disease

Question 37

3+ reflex

Answer 37

brisker than average, may indicate disease

Question 38

2+ reflex

Answer 38

average, normal

Question 39

1+ reflex

Answer 39

diminished, low normal

Question 40

0 reflex

Answer 40

no response

Question 41

Spasticity

Answer 41

an early sign of cerebral palsy. In affected infants, after you release the flexed knees, the legs quickly extend and adduct

Question 42

What is the earliest and most sensitive indicator of neurological status?

Answer 42

change in LOC

Question 43

Complacency of a previously combative patient can suggest

Answer 43

a change in the level of consciousness

Question 44

How does pupil dilation occur with increased ICP

Answer 44

increasing ICP pushes the brainstem down, which puts pressure on cranial nerve 3

Question 45

What is cushings triad

Answer 45

widening pulse pressure, irregular breathing and bradycardia

Question 46

What does a GCS of 7 or lower suggest?

Answer 46

coma

Question 47

Peripheral neuropathy

Answer 47

loss of sensation that occurs with diabetes and alcohol use

Question 48

Decorticate rigidity

Answer 48

flexion of arms, wrists and fingers. Arms are tightly crossed across chest. Feet are plantar flexed

Question 49

What does decorticate rigidity indicate?

Answer 49

a hemispheric lesion of the cerebral cortex

Question 50

decerebrate rigidity

Answer 50

arms stiffly extended by sides and internally rotated, palms are pronated

Question 51

what does decerebrate rigidity suggest

Answer 51

it is an ominous sign of a lesion in the brain stem