Week 3

Question 1

Indirect Data

Answer 1

gathering data through the way a patient responds during the interview

Question 2

when would you conduct a full mental health examination?

Answer 2

if family members express concern about the patients behaviour, if there is a brain injury or aphasia, or if symptoms of a mental illness are observed

Question 3

Factors that may affect mental health findings

Answer 3

pre-exisiting illnesses or medications. These factors are included in the health history

Question 4

what are the 4 main components of the mental status exam

Answer 4

Appearance, Behaviour, cognitive functions and thought processes (A, B, C, T

Question 5

MOCA

Answer 5

a simplified scored assessment of cognitive functions (not mood or thought processes)

Question 6

The MOCA is used to detect?

Answer 6

dementia and delirium and to differentiate organic brain disorders from psychiatric illnesses

Question 7

Aging and its effects on the mental status exam?

Answer 7

slower response time may affect learning. Age-related physical changes may also have an affect on the mental status exam (hearing or vision loss)

Question 8

before assessing an older adults mental status?

Answer 8

check sensory status and correct deficits if possible

Question 9

set test

Answer 9

assess the mental status by asking the patient to name ten items in 4 categories

Question 10

Pain is a?

Answer 10

highly complex and subjective experience

Question 11

phases of nociceptive pain?

Answer 11

transduction, transmission, perception and modulation

Question 12

nociceptive pain is?

Answer 12

predictable and time limited

Question 13

neuropathic pain implies?

Answer 13

an abnormal processing of the pain message due to an injury of nerve fibers and is sustained on a neurochemical level

Question 14

Referred pain

Answer 14

originates in one area but is felt in another. Both areas are inervated by the same spinal nerve so it is difficult for the brain to differentiate the point of origin

Question 15

acute pain

Answer 15

short and self limiting. follows a predictable tract and ends after the injury heals

Question 16

Persistant/ chronic pain

Answer 16

Continues for 6 months or longer. results from abnormal processing of pain fibers that do not stop when injury heals.

Question 17

Pain and infants

Answer 17

Infants have the same capacity for pain as adults do but are at high risk for undertreatment since they are nonverbal

Question 18

Pain and older adults

Answer 18

although pain is common in older adults, it is not a normal part of aging

Question 19

pain and genetics

Answer 19

genetic differences in men and women may account for differences in pain perception

Question 20

Cross-cultural Pain

Answer 20

ask each patient how they typically behave when in pain

Question 21

subjective report

Answer 21

the most reliable indicator of pain

Question 22

canthus

Answer 22

inner corner of the eye where the lids meet

Question 23

caruncle

Answer 23

small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands located at inner canthus

Question 24

conjunctiva

Answer 24

thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the exposed part of the eye

Question 25

lacrimal apparatus

Answer 25

provides continuous irrigation

Question 26

the muscles that direct eye movement are innervated by

Answer 26

cranial nerves 3, 4 and 6

Question 27

outer layer of the eye

Answer 27

sclera, cornea, iris and pupil

Question 28

middle layer of the eye

Answer 28

choroid, ciliary body

Question 29

choroid

Answer 29

has dark pigmentation to prevent light from reflecting internally and is highly vascular to deliver blood to the retina

Question 30

ciliary body

Answer 30

controls the thickness of the lens

Question 31

iris

Answer 31

contracts and dilates the pupil to control how much light is let in to the retina

Question 32

retina

Answer 32

the visual receptive layer of the eye. Light waves are changed into nerve impulses here

Question 33

pupillary light reflex

Answer 33

the normal constriction of the pupils when bright light shines on the retina

Question 34

fixation

Answer 34

a reflex direction of the eye toward and object attracting that persons attention

Question 35

accomodation

Answer 35

the adjustment of the eye for near vision accomplished by ciliary muscle movement

Question 36

presbyopia

Answer 36

occurs with aging. lens loses elasticity and decreases its ability to change shape to accommodate for near vision

Question 37

retinal detachment

Answer 37

emergency situation where the retina becomes detached from the layer of vessels that provide it with oxygen and nutrients

Question 38

Increased intraocular pressure, gradual loss of peripheral vision and leading cause of irreversible blindness

Answer 38

Glaucoma

Question 39

Lens opacity, common in elderly population, results from clumping to proteins in lens.

Answer 39

cataracts

Question 40

breakdown of cells in the macula of the retina, loss of central vision, most common cause of blindness

Answer 40

macular degeneration

Question 41

microvascular change that is the leading cause of visual impairment in people less than 65

Answer 41

diabetic retinopathy

Question 42

snellen eye chart tests?

Answer 42

central visual accuity

Question 43

confrontation test assesses?

Answer 43

visual fields

Question 44

corneal light reflex assesses?

Answer 44

extraocular muscle movements

Question 45

conductive hearing loss

Answer 45

involves a mechanical dysfunction of the external or middle ear

Question 46

sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 46

indicates a pathological condition of cranial nerve 8

Question 47

presbycusis

Answer 47

age related gradual deterioration of cranial nerve 8 resulting in sensorineural hearing loss

Question 48

romberg test evaluates

Answer 48

standing balance. Ask the person to stand with their eyes closed

Question 49

otitis media

Answer 49

middle ear infection resulting from obstruction of the eustachian tube or passage of secretions into the middle ear

Question 50

adult ear exam

Answer 50

pull pinna up and back

Question 51

infant and child under 3 ear exam

Answer 51

pull pinna straight down

Question 52

exostosis

Answer 52

formation of a new bone in the ear

Question 53

polyp

Answer 53

arises in the canal from granulomatous or mucosal tissue. Red and bleeds easily, foul discharge, indicates chronic ear disease

Question 54

tympanic membrane in older adults

Answer 54

appears, whiter duller and more opaque

Question 55

which paranasal sinuses are available for examination

Answer 55

the frontal and maxillary sinuses

Question 56

1 + tonsils

Answer 56

visible

Question 57

2 + tonsils

Answer 57

halfway between tonsillar pilars and uvula

Question 58

3 + tonsils

Answer 58

touching uvula

Question 59

4 + tonsils

Answer 59

touching each other