Week 5

Question 1

suprasternal notch

Answer 1

hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, between the clavicles

Question 2

sternum

Answer 2

the breast bone. Includes the manubrium, the body and the xyphoid process

Question 3

sternal angle

Answer 3

Articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. useful place to start counting ribs. Each intercostal space is numbered by the rib above it

Question 4

the suprasternal notch, sternum and sternal angle are all

Answer 4

anterior thoracic landmarks

Question 5

the vertabra prominens, spinous processes, inferior border of the scapula and the 12th rib are all?

Answer 5

posterior thoracic landmarks

Question 6

vertabra prominens

Answer 6

start at the base of your neck, flex your head and feel for the most prominent bony protrusion. This is spinous process C7

Question 7

spinous processes

Answer 7

count down the vertebrae, which stack together to form the spinal column. Note that the spinous processes align with their same numbered ribs only until T4.

Question 8

Inferior border of the scapula

Answer 8

lower tip is usually at the level of the 7th or 8th rib

Question 9

12th rib

Answer 9

palpate midway between the spine and the patients side to identify the free tip of the patients 12th rib

Question 10

mediastinum

Answer 10

the middle section of the thoracic cavity. Contains the esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels

Question 11

pleural cavities

Answer 11

located on either side of the mediastinum and contain the lungs

Question 12

which lung is shorter?

Answer 12

the right lung is shorter because of the underlying liver

Question 13

which lung is narrower?

Answer 13

the left lung is narrower because the heart bulges to the left

Question 14

which lung has 3 lobes?

Answer 14

the right lung has 3 lobes

Question 15

which lung has 2 lobes?

Answer 15

the left lung has 2 lobes

Question 16

fissures

Answer 16

separate the lobes of the lung

Question 17

the whole posterior of the patients chest is?

Answer 17

mostly made up of lower lobe. We would miss the majority of the upper lobe if we only assessed anteriorly.

Question 18

plurae

Answer 18

thin slippery layer that forms an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall

Question 19

the right main bronchus is?

Answer 19

shorter, wider and more vertical than the left

Question 20

3 functions of respiratory system?

Answer 20

1. supplying oxygen to the body for energy production \
2. Removing CO2 as waste product of energy reactions
3. Maintaining homeostasis (acid-base balance)

Question 21

green phlegm is indicative of

Answer 21

viral or bacterial infections

Question 22

white or clear phlegm is indicative of

Answer 22

colds, bronchitis or viral infections

Question 23

rust coloured phlegm is indicative of

Answer 23

TB or pneumococcal pnumonia

Question 24

pink frothy phlegm indicates

Answer 24

pulmonary edema

Question 25

barrel chest

Answer 25

occurs in chronic emphysema as a result of hyperinflation of the lungs

Question 26

resonance

Answer 26

the low-pitched, clear hollow sound that predominates in healthy adult lung tissue

Question 27

hyperresonance

Answer 27

a lower pitched booming sound found on percussion when too much air is present as in emphysema or pneumothorax

Question 28

Dull note

Answer 28

a soft, muffled thud on percussion that signals abnormal density in the lungs as with pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis or tumour

Question 29

adventitious sounds

Answer 29

sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs.

Question 30

crackles

Answer 30

loud, low pitched, bubbling and gurgling caused by pulmonary edema, pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis

Question 31

wheeze

Answer 31

low pitched, heard throughout respiration but more prominent on expiration. Caused by bronchitis, and bronchus obstruction from tumour

Question 32

stridor

Answer 32

high pitched, inspiratory caused by croup and epiglotitis in children, foreign body inhalation and obstructed airway. All of these are life threatening

Question 33

charting of normal breath sounds

Answer 33

Good bilateral A/E with no adventitia noted.

Question 34

a cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing

Answer 34

Cheyne-stroke

Question 35

kussmaul breathing

Answer 35

rapid, laboured breaths. Compensatory type of breathing to get rid of CO2

Question 36

pleural effusion

Answer 36

accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity

Question 37

pneumothorax

Answer 37

Free air in the pleural space causes partial or complete lung collapse

Question 38

emphysema

Answer 38

caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue and characterized by permanent enlargement of air sacs

Question 39

atelectasis

Answer 39

collapsed or shrunken alveoli