Week 5 Flashcards
suprasternal notch
hollow U-shaped depression just above the sternum, between the clavicles
sternum
the breast bone. Includes the manubrium, the body and the xyphoid process
sternal angle
Articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum. useful place to start counting ribs. Each intercostal space is numbered by the rib above it
the suprasternal notch, sternum and sternal angle are all
anterior thoracic landmarks
the vertabra prominens, spinous processes, inferior border of the scapula and the 12th rib are all?
posterior thoracic landmarks
vertabra prominens
start at the base of your neck, flex your head and feel for the most prominent bony protrusion. This is spinous process C7
spinous processes
count down the vertebrae, which stack together to form the spinal column. Note that the spinous processes align with their same numbered ribs only until T4.
Inferior border of the scapula
lower tip is usually at the level of the 7th or 8th rib
12th rib
palpate midway between the spine and the patients side to identify the free tip of the patients 12th rib
mediastinum
the middle section of the thoracic cavity. Contains the esophagus, trachea, heart and great vessels
pleural cavities
located on either side of the mediastinum and contain the lungs
which lung is shorter?
the right lung is shorter because of the underlying liver
which lung is narrower?
the left lung is narrower because the heart bulges to the left
which lung has 3 lobes?
the right lung has 3 lobes
which lung has 2 lobes?
the left lung has 2 lobes
fissures
separate the lobes of the lung
the whole posterior of the patients chest is?
mostly made up of lower lobe. We would miss the majority of the upper lobe if we only assessed anteriorly.
plurae
thin slippery layer that forms an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall
the right main bronchus is?
shorter, wider and more vertical than the left
3 functions of respiratory system?
- supplying oxygen to the body for energy production \
- Removing CO2 as waste product of energy reactions
- Maintaining homeostasis (acid-base balance)
green phlegm is indicative of
viral or bacterial infections
white or clear phlegm is indicative of
colds, bronchitis or viral infections
rust coloured phlegm is indicative of
TB or pneumococcal pnumonia
pink frothy phlegm indicates
pulmonary edema
barrel chest
occurs in chronic emphysema as a result of hyperinflation of the lungs
resonance
the low-pitched, clear hollow sound that predominates in healthy adult lung tissue
hyperresonance
a lower pitched booming sound found on percussion when too much air is present as in emphysema or pneumothorax
Dull note
a soft, muffled thud on percussion that signals abnormal density in the lungs as with pneumonia, pleural effusion, atelectasis or tumour
adventitious sounds
sounds that are not normally heard in the lungs.
crackles
loud, low pitched, bubbling and gurgling caused by pulmonary edema, pneumonia and pulmonary fibrosis
wheeze
low pitched, heard throughout respiration but more prominent on expiration. Caused by bronchitis, and bronchus obstruction from tumour
stridor
high pitched, inspiratory caused by croup and epiglotitis in children, foreign body inhalation and obstructed airway. All of these are life threatening
charting of normal breath sounds
Good bilateral A/E with no adventitia noted.
a cycle in which respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing
Cheyne-stroke
kussmaul breathing
rapid, laboured breaths. Compensatory type of breathing to get rid of CO2
pleural effusion
accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
Free air in the pleural space causes partial or complete lung collapse
emphysema
caused by destruction of pulmonary connective tissue and characterized by permanent enlargement of air sacs
atelectasis
collapsed or shrunken alveoli
