Week 9: Intelligence Testing Flashcards

1
Q

List the three overarching themes regarding intelligence

A
  • the capacity to learn
  • the total knowledge a person has acquired
  • successful adaptation to new situations/environments
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2
Q

Briefly describe Spearman’s theory of intelligence

A
  • concerned with underlying intelligence structure
  • heavy use of FA
  • intelligence consists of a general factor used to perform mental tests and numerous specific factors
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3
Q

List Thurstone’s 7 mental abilities

A
  • verbal comprehension
  • verbal fluency
  • inductive reasoning
  • spatial visualisation
  • number
  • memory
  • perceptual speed
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4
Q

Fluid intelligence

A
  • non verbal
  • culture reduced
  • a person’s inherent capacity to learn and problem solve
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5
Q

Crystallised intelligence

A
  • develops through the use of fluid intelligence
  • culturally dependant
  • used for tasks requiring learning or habitual response
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6
Q

How does crystallised intelligence progress

A

Declines or tapers in late adulthood

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7
Q

How does fluid intelligence progress

A

Declines in early adulthood

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8
Q

What are the defining characteristics of Gardner’s model?

A
  • potential isolation by brain damage
  • existence of savant individuals
  • identifiable core information processing operations
  • distinctive developmental history
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9
Q

List Gardner’s dimensions

A
  • linguistic
  • logical-mathematical
  • spatial
  • musical
  • bodily-kinaesthetic
  • interpersonal (relating to others)
  • intrapersonal (relating to self)
  • naturalistic
  • spiritual
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10
Q

What is the main difference between the intelligence quotient and the deviation IQ?

A

The intelligence quotient is mental age / actual age x 100, and is not useful past the age of 17. Deviation IQ can be used for adults and revolves around how much IQ deviates from the mean of 100.

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11
Q

Preformationism

A

All living organisms are preformed at birth

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12
Q

Predeterminism

A

Abilities are predetermined by genetic inheritance; the genes for your intelligence level are set, and develop only to this level

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13
Q

What kind of perinatal influences may affect intelligence (nurture)

A
  • maternal health during pregnancy
  • birth process
  • gestation e.g stress
  • birth weight
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14
Q

How may education effect intelligence

A
  • quality/type of education
  • number of years of school
  • older generations spend less time in education system
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15
Q

Thurstone’s verbal comprehension

A

Vocab, reading, comprehension and verbal analogies

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16
Q

Thurstone’s verbal fluency

A

Measured by anagram, or quickly naming words in a category

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17
Q

Thurstone’s inductive reasoning

A

The best measure involves finding a rule as in a number series completion test, or in drawing analogies

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18
Q

Thurstone’s spatial visualisation

A

Mental manipulation of visuospatial material

19
Q

Thurstone’s number

A

Synonymous with the speed and accuracy of simple commutation and math problem solving

20
Q

Thurstone’s memory

A

Skill at rote memory tasks such as paired associate learning picture and word recall

21
Q

Thurstone’s perceptual speed

A

Simple clerical tasks such as visual ‘spot the difference’ or visual search

22
Q

Stability of children’s IQ

A

Remains stable after 5 years, but can change

23
Q

Factors that can affect IQ change

A
  • development growth
  • environmental factors
  • diversity in learning experiences
  • parent-child dynamics
24
Q

Factors that influence the stability of intelligence test performance

A
  • invariance of genetic factors
  • cumulative nature of intelligence development
  • environmental stability
  • sequential nature of learning
25
Birth order
Explains very little IQ variation
26
SES
Moderate correlation with child's IQ
27
Home environment variables
Correlate significantly with IQ
28
Childhood illness
No link to later IQ
29
How can intelligence be measured in infancy
- sensorimotor development | - nonverbal motor development
30
How can intelligence be measured in children
- cognitive knowledge | - reasoning
31
How can intelligence be measured in adults
- Weschler - subtests - global nature of intelligence
32
Define culture loading
The degree to which a test incorporates the vocab, concepts, and traditions associated with a certain culture
33
Describe the origins of formal intelligence testing
- roots in England and France in the early 1900's | - early approaches focussed on either psychophysical abilities or judgemental abilities
34
Galton
Psychophysical approach, used sensorimotor tests but found no consistent links between tests
35
Binet
- In France, changing attitudes toward the mental unwell and intellectually disabled - mental judgement was regarded as the key to intelligence - his modern approach argued that intelligent behaviour involved direction, adaptation and criticism
36
Binet & Simon
The ability to judge well, understand well and reason well
37
Terman
Capacity to form concepts and to grasp their significance
38
Thurstone
Capacity to inhibit instinctive adjustments, flexibly imagine different responses, and realise modified instinctive adjustments into overt behaviour
39
Spearman
General ability which involves mainly the education of relations and correlates
40
Weschler
Aggregate or global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally and to deal effectively with the environment
41
Eysenck
Error free transmission of information through the cortex
42
Culture free tests
Try to remove any cultural influence by being completely nonverbal
43
Culture fair tests
Incorporate new aspects to procedures to minimise culture specific advantage