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Psych Assess. Ind Diff > Week 4: Freud and post-Freudian theorists > Flashcards

Week 4: Freud and post-Freudian theorists Flashcards

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1
Q

Which two people and their theories were big influences for Freud?

A
  • Charles Darwin and his view on humans not being fundamentally different from animals
  • Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzche who focused on the unconscious and irrational and primitive forces
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2
Q

List the main emphases of Psychoanalytic theory

A
  • intra-psychic events
  • unconscious drives
  • early childhood
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3
Q

List Freud’s major theories

A
  • instincts
  • topographic model
  • structural model
  • stages of psychosexual development
  • defence mechanisms
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4
Q

Describe Freud’s instincts

A
  • Eros: the life instinct - sexual reproduction, creativity, generativity
  • Thanatos: the death instinct - destruction, war
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5
Q

Describe Freud’s topographic model

A
  • Things we are conscious of at the surface, the middle is preconscious, and the bottom is unconscious - think top to bottom of ice berg
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6
Q

Describe Freud’s structural model

A
  • Superego: internalised rules, dogmatic
  • Ego: the balancing force between the superego and the id
  • Id: destructive, primitive force, animalistic part of the self
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7
Q

Describe Freud’s stages of psychosexual development

A

Freud posited that as infants grow, they go through different sexual fixations at different stages, with key conflicts at each stage

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8
Q

Describe Freud’s defence mechanisms

A

Defence mechanisms are processes that help defend against assaults to your personality

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9
Q

What are some popular criticisms of Freud’s theories?

A
  • overemphasis on sexual urges
  • heterosexist and offensive to women
  • focus on early childhood
  • virtually impossible to test
  • cultural generalisability?
  • restricted sample: unhappy middle class females
  • no real time data - wrote from memory
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10
Q

List Freud’s 6 main contributions to psychology

A
  • unconscious mental life affects conscious experience
  • dynamic components of the mind in conflict
  • past experiences (early childhood) affect our current perception
  • transference can occur
  • defence mechanisms
  • observable psychological and psychosomatic symptoms
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11
Q

Define transference

A

The tendency to transfer problems from one close relationship to areas that mirror it

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12
Q

What were Erik Erikson’s main views on personality?

A
  • it continues to develop throughout the lifespan
  • it is buit up over time
  • emphasised the impact of culture, society and history
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13
Q

Erik Erikson’s childhood

A
  • born in Germany
  • father abandoned family before birth
  • rejected by school peers, dropped out to travel and paint, trained in psychoanalysis
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14
Q

List the 8 stages of Erikson’s stage model

A
  • oral sensory
  • muscular-anal
  • locomotor
  • latency
  • adolescence
  • young adulthood
  • middle adulthood
  • maturity
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15
Q

What was the main premise of Erikson’s stages?

A

We go through each stage and have conflicts that we have to deal with. Successful handing of conflicts leads us into the next stage in a positive way

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16
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the oral sensory stage?

A
  • 0-12/18 mo

- Trust vs. mistrust (hope)

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17
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the muscular-anal stage?

A
  • 18mo - 3 years old

- Autonomy vs. shame and doubt

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18
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the locomotor stage?

A
  • 3-6

- Initiative vs. guilt (purpose)

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19
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the latency stage?

A
  • 6-12

- Industry vs. inferiority (competence)

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20
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the adolescence stage?

A
  • 12-18

- Identity vs. role confusion (fidelity)

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21
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the young adulthood stage?

A
  • 19-40

- Intimacy vs. isolation (love)

22
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the middle adulthood stage?

A
  • 41-65

- Generativity vs. stagnation (care)

23
Q

What is the age and basic conflict of the maturity stage?

A
  • 65-death

- Ego integrity vs. despair (wisdom)

24
Q

What are the three neurotic trends by Horney?

A
  • moving toward people
  • moving against people
  • moving away from people
25
Q

What are neurotic needs?

A

Those generated from personal insecurities or expectations from others

26
Q

List a couple of things about Alfred Adler’s childhood

A
  • jealousy of brother
  • inferiority to brother
  • early childhood illness
27
Q

What was Adler’s overall approach called?

A

Individual psychology

28
Q

What were Adler’s focuses under ‘individual psychology’?

A
  • people have a will to power
  • people strive for superiority
  • there is social interest in kinship with others
  • personal continuity is a qualitative narrative
29
Q

What is said about our earliest conscious memories?

A

They hold clues about the person’s present and future identity and style of life

30
Q

Define style of life

A

Someone’s unique mode of adjustment to life, including self selected goals and means of achieving them

31
Q

What did Bruhn and Schiffman suggest were congruent with our earliest memories and present identity?

A
  • mastery and control
  • punishment
  • interpersonal difficulties
32
Q

What is a fictional final goal?

A
  • a idealised, hypothetical, vague goal that is created to give life meaning and purpose
  • guides striving for superiority, wholeness and completion
33
Q

Humans begin life with a ________ which is never outgrown

A

sense of inferiority

34
Q

Failure to reach ones striving can result in…

A

inferiority complex

35
Q

Organ inferiority

A

Defective parts/organs shape personality through efforts to compensate for defect/weakness

36
Q

Spoiling

A

When spoilt children meet obstacles, they believe they have a personal deficiency, and an inferiority complex develops

37
Q

Neglect

A

Children whose infancy and childhood is characterised by lack of love and security can develop feelings of worthlessness and distrust in others

38
Q

What did Adler believe about birth order?

A

The first five years of life helped set the stage for later psychological development

39
Q

First borns

A
  • oriented towards the past, nostalgic, pessimistic about the future
  • order and authority
  • over represented in uni attendance, girls more obedient and responsible
40
Q

Second borns

A
  • more optimistic about the future

- less likely to be competitive and ambitious

41
Q

Youngest children

A
  • often high achievers

- could be too pandered and believe they need not do anything for themselves

42
Q

Only children

A
  • often mature early and manifest adult behaviours and attitudes
  • have not learned to share or compete
  • high levels of industriousness, initiative and self esteem
43
Q

What kind of things would Adler look at to discover lifestyle fictions/personality assessment?

A
  • birth order position
  • earliest childhood memory
  • childhood problems
  • dreams and daydreams
  • how people express themselves
44
Q

How did Horney and Freud differ

A
  • horney emphasised the relationship between child and parents
  • she didn’t believe in developmental stages or
    childhood conflicts
  • childhood is dominated by need for safety
  • suggested womb envy
45
Q

How did Horney suggest that anxiety aroused?

A

Through culture and the way in which a child is brought up

46
Q

How did Horney suggest neurotic behaviour came about?

A

The child represses anger and resentment so they don’t lose love and security, but a cycle of intrapsychic conflict results

47
Q

People with an inferiority complex feel…

A

Helpless and unable to cope with life

48
Q

What kind of events can interfere with striving?

A

Physical obstacles and personal limitations

49
Q

List some ways in which individuals can compensate for an inferiority complex

A
  • becoming good at what they feel inferior about
  • becoming good at something else
  • not developing self esteem at all
50
Q

Freud’s basic concept

A
  • unconscious is self destructive

- unconscious thoughts can be the source of neurosis

51
Q

Explain Adler’s concept of birth order

A

Order of birth is a major influence in childhood, from which we create our style of life

Psych Assess. Ind Diff (11 decks)

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