Week 7: Ethics and Professional Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Define psychological assessment

A

The collection and integration of psychological data for psychological evaluation through the use of tests, interviews, case studies, and behavioural observation

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2
Q

Why are tests used for psychological assessment

A

To derive inferences about someone’s behaviour or attributes based on their results

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3
Q

What kind of information can you get from psychological tests?

A
  • intelligence
  • aptitude
  • personality (objective and subjective)
  • self-esteem
  • mental health
  • feelings, attitudes and behaviour
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4
Q

What does an achievement test measure?

A

How much students have learned

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5
Q

What do aptitude and interest tests measure?

A

Whether a person is suited for certain occupations

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6
Q

What do personality tests measure?

A

The psychological traits that make up a person’s personality

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7
Q

What do behaviour-rating scales measure?

A

Behaviour in such places as classrooms and hospitals

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8
Q

Self reports

A

Rely on answers from people about their feelings and experiences

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9
Q

Define psychological testing

A

Process of measuring psych related variables by means of devices or procedures to get a sample of human behaviour

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10
Q

Who was the first to create mental ability tests and questionnaires?

A

Francis Galton

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11
Q

Define psychometrics

A

Field of study related to the theory and techniques of psychological measurement and involves testing, measurement, assessment and related activities

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12
Q

Name three psychometric qualities

A
  • validity
  • reliability
  • norms
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13
Q

What was Alfred Binet’s contribution to psychology?

A
  • created test for French school kids to assign to classes based on aptitude
  • first IQ test
  • designed for recruiting men into armies during WW1 and 2
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14
Q

What is a psychological construct?

A

An informed, scientific idea developed or generated to describe or explain behaviour

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15
Q

Define test norms

A

Established standards of performance that set averages

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16
Q

Define norm group

A

A large group of test takers that are similar to those for whom the test is intended

17
Q

Define ethics

A

The moral principles and guiding conduct which are held by a group or even a profession

18
Q
List the 5 ethical standards outlined by the APA?
B
F
M
J
R
A
  1. Beneficence and non- maleficence
  2. Fidelity and responsibility
  3. Maintain integrity
  4. Justice for all clients
  5. Respect for people’s rights and dignity
19
Q
List 6 sources of ethics
P
T
P
C
M
L
A
  1. Personal
  2. Theoretical model
  3. Policy of the agent
  4. Code of ethics
  5. Moral philosophy
  6. Law and legal rules
20
Q

What is ethical practice before psych assessment?

A
  • resolving conflict between assessee and referrer
  • obtain informed consent
  • ensure your competency in administering the test
  • planning evaluation, clarifying goals and limitations
  • evaluate validity of tests and scales
  • cultural appropriateness
  • suitability of reference norms
21
Q

What is ethical practice during psych assessment?

A
  • ensure a good test environment
  • allowing others to be present
  • adhere to test procedure and protocol
  • prepare written report
  • provide professional interpretation of a test and analysis of the score
22
Q

What is ethical practice after psych assessment?

A
  • provide feedback to the assessee
  • dealing with requests to alter or modify the report
  • releasing test data to 3rd party for re evaluation
23
Q
What are some issues for a test taker?
T
C
D
R
P
S
A
  • test anxiety
  • capacity and willingness to cooperate
  • distractors
  • response bias
  • prior coaching on test
  • social desirability
24
Q
What are some issues for a test user?
A
C
O
S
R
N
A
  • should be appropriate
  • content should be protected
  • only administered by trained people
  • need to be familiar with test
  • suitable conditions for test taker
  • rapport between user and taker
  • need to be able to interpret test results
25
What makes a good test?
- validity - standardised - reliability - practicality - usability - uniformity - minimal bias
26
Beneficence and non-maleficence
Do no harm - do the benefits of the test outweigh the harm?
27
Fidelity and responsibility
Responsibility to society, behaving appropriately, professional conduct and not bringing the profession into disrepute
28
Maintain integrity
Promote honesty and accuracy in the teaching, science and practice of psychology
29
Justice for all clients
Regardless of SES, IQ, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, etc
30
Respect for people's rights and dignity
Awareness and sensitivity regarding cultural issues, religion, gender, and sexuality issues
31
What do objective tests of personality assume
Personality is consciously accessible and can be measured by self report
32
What do projective tests of personaltiy assume
Personality is unconscious and not directly accessible
33
Describe personal sources of ethics
Ethical principles and values that evolve from persona life experience of the psychologist
34
Describe the policy of the agency as a source of ethics
Certain limits might be imposed by the agency in which the psychologist works
35
Describe codes of ethics as sources of ethics
The starting point for ethical decision making and a formal framework wherein ethical practices can be assessed