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PSY124 > WEEK 9 - Intelligence 3&4 > Flashcards

WEEK 9 - Intelligence 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many forms of Wechsler IQ scales are there according to age?

A

3.

  • WPPSI (young children: 2yrs 6 months, 7yrs 3 months): WPPSI-IV
  • WISC: Children/young: 6-16yrs: WISC-V
  • WAIS: Adults, 16-89 yers: WAIS-IV
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2
Q

What 4 scales are covered in WAIS IV?

A
  • Verbal comprehension index scale (VCI)
  • Perceptual reasoning index scale (PRI)
  • Working memory index scale (WMI)
  • Processing Speed index scale (PSI)
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3
Q

What is involved in verbal comprehension subtests?

A
  1. Similarities
  2. Vocabulary
  3. Information
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4
Q

What is involved in perceptual reasoning subtests?

A
  1. Block design
  2. Matrix reasoning
  3. Visual puzzles
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5
Q

What is involved with working memory subtests?

A
  1. Digit span
    - Forward, backward, sequencing
  2. Arithmetic
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6
Q

What is involved in processing speed subtests?

A
  1. Symbol search

2. Coding

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7
Q

How are scores interpreted in the WAIS?

A
  • WAIS Standardisation group

Mean
SD
Standardisation
Norms

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8
Q

How are scores calculated in the WAIS?

A
  • Raw scores from each test are converted to scaled scores by using the norms obtained from the standardisation group
  • To obtain VCI, WMI, PRI and PSI IQ scores, the scaled scores of the subtests are summed and compared to the standardisation sample.

FULL SCALE IQ: obtained by adding all index scores together

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9
Q

What defines an intellectual disability as define in DSM-V?

A

Range of cognitive abilities

1) Significant deficits in intellectual functioning (IQ - 70)
2) Concurrent deficits or impairments in adaptive functioning
3) Onset in the developmental period

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10
Q

What may be the cause of intellectual disabilities?

A
  • Genetic
  • Biological
  • Environmental
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11
Q

How is severity of intellectual disability determined?

A
  • On the basis of adaptive functioning and not IQ
  • Adaptive functioning determines levels of support necessary
  • Also IQ scores are less valid at the low end
  • Mild
  • Moderate
  • Severe
  • Profound
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12
Q

What are some examples of conceptual skills in adaptive skills?

A
  • Communication
  • Functional Academics
  • Self direction
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13
Q

What is social in relation to adaptive skills?

A

Leisure

Social interaction

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14
Q

What is practical in relation to adaptive skills?

A
  • Community use
  • Home living
  • Health and safety
  • Self-care
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15
Q

What does it mean for someone to be ‘gifted’?

A
  • Can reflect academic, musical, social, or athletic ability
  • Associated with IQs over 130
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16
Q

What are the associated stereotypes of gifted people?

A
  • Physically weak
  • Mentally unstable
  • Reclusive/eccentric
  • Compensation - talent in one area is accompanied by a deficit in another
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17
Q

What are characteristics of gifted people?

A

Terman, 1921
- Above average height, strength, emotional maturity and other variables as children

Gross (1999)
- IQ 160+ found it could lead to social isolation in school and reiterated the need for gifted school programs

18
Q

What are Renzulli’s 3 intersection components of true giftedness?

A
  • Exceptional intelligence in specific domain
  • exceptional motivation
  • Exceptional creativity
19
Q

What is creativity?

A

The ability to produce valued outcomes in a vowel way

- May be linked to divergent thinking (the ability to genera in given situation

20
Q

Sternberg includes ________ in his triarchic model. Although is it generally considered to be ______ to intelligence

A

Creativity

Separate

21
Q

What is psychometrics in relation to IQ?

A
  • Starts with a theory
  • Design test
  • Measure constructs
  • Statistics check
22
Q

Measures of _______ were developed first. They evolved to fit measures of ______.

A

intelligence

Science

23
Q

Name the criticisms of an IQ test.

A
  • Lack of theoretical bases (no underlying construct was used to devise tests
  • Cultural bias
  • Ecological validity - what skills are IQ tests measuring?
  • What will predict performance? Aptitude vs IQ interviews
24
Q

Do IQ scores predict real-world outcomes?

A
  • Popular tools for job selection
    Weiten (2004):
    ‘People who score high on IQ tests are more likely than those who score low to end up in high status jobs’
  • Good predictors of future school performance
  • School performance = certain jobs.
  • g and job performance correlations are weak
  • More practical forms of intelligence may be more appropriate
25
Q

How have intelligence tests been abused?

A
  • Eugenics movements
  • Goddard translated the Simon-Binet scale in 1910 by researching ‘feeble minded’ children
  • Diagnostic tool
  • Thought children who were feeble should be isolated so they did not contaminate
26
Q

How was Binet’s work surrounding intelligence testing corrupted?

A
  • Goddard to assess immigrants
  • Convinced that feeble mindedness was common in immigrants
  • Initially he interpreted the results with caution
  • Then claimed that minimal research would be needed to confirm findings
  • Suggested immigrants were of moron grade
  • Environmental deprivation
  • Advocated deportation
  • Claimed they could be labourers
27
Q

How would intelligence tests be developed to improve culture discrimination?

A
  • Include items that measure common skills and knowledge from across cultures
  • Limited success
  • Need to be considered within a culture
28
Q

What did Cattell’s culture-fair test comprise of?

A

Series
Classification
Matrices

29
Q

Does brain size matter in intelligence?

A
  • Slight correlation

- This is due to more activity, better nutrition etc

30
Q

How does memory impact intelligence?

A
  • Relationship between memory and intelligence (WMI)

- Working memory is different to LTM so you can have poor memory and above average intelligence

31
Q

Is intelligence influenced by abilities like reaction time?

A
  • Galton could not establish a link between speed of processing sensory information and intelligence, more recent and sophisticated studies suggest a modest relationship
  • Faster nerve responses to visual stimuli correlates with non-verbal IQ (Ravens progressive matrices test)
32
Q

________ concerning biological factors of intelligence are generally modest.

A

Correlations

33
Q

We choose mates with similar culture and ____.

A

IQ

34
Q

What are some caveats with calculating heritability?

A

Twin studies have almost all used literate, middle class samples

  • Heritability estimates would drop with more varied examples
  • Genetic influences seem to be smaller in determining IQ of children in less educated environments
35
Q

What are the best positive predictors of children performance on IQ and language tests?

A
  • Enriched home environment
  • Encouraging interest and exploration
  • Mother’s knowledge on child rearing
36
Q

What are risk factors for lower IQ?

A
  • Poor maternal education
  • Maternal mental illness
  • Minority status (and its correlates)
  • Larger family size
  • Poverty
  • Poor nutrition
37
Q

What are some environmental factors surrounding intelligence?

A
  • Higher education = higher brain connectivity
38
Q

How does sociocultural disadvantage relate to intelligence?

A

Lower SES upbringing factors: children fail to reach intellectual potential
- IQ difference between highest and lowest social class = 20-30pnts

  • Stereotype threat: belief about group = greater anxiety = self-fulfilling prophecy
  • Access to education
  • Healthcare and nutrition
39
Q

Describe the Flynn effect

A

James Flynn

  • IQ points increase 3 points per decade
  • Strong argument for environmental effects
  • Some countries appear to be going backward
40
Q

What percentage of heritability did Arthur Jensen suggest contributed to IQ differences?

A

80%

41
Q

What is within group heritability and between group heritability?

A

Within group: The extent to which a trait varies within a specific group, due to genetic influences

Between: The extent to which differences in a trait between groups is genetically influenced

42
Q

What are some controversies for group differences n intelligence?

A
  • Racial difference in IQ test scores are due to deprived environment
  • Ethnic minorities: History of discrimination
  • Plus, consider the overlap between distributions

PSY124 (12 decks)

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