Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY124 > WEEK 7 - Psychological treatment 3&4 > Flashcards

WEEK 7 - Psychological treatment 3&4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cognitive behavioural approach?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the history of CBT?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the principles and techniques of CBT?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the limitations to CBT?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name some specific biological therapies and their techniques.

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can lead people to overestimate the efficacy of some approaches?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What factors underpin good clinical practice?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is included in ethical conduct?

A

z

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 key assumptions to CBT?

A
  1. Cognitions can be identified and measured
  2. Cognitions underpin both adaptive and maladaptive psychological function
  3. Through therapy and practice, maladaptive behaviours can be changed into adaptive processes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Rational Emotive Therapy? (RET)

A

Emotional reaction stem from internal sentences that people repeat to themselves.
The aim is to correct the irrational beliefs through rational examination of the beliefs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Who coined Rational emotive therapy?

A

Albert Ellis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of CBT involves the ABC of psychotherapy?

A

RET. D & E were added

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Beck’s cognitive therapy?

A

Beck stated that depression was caused by negative thinking patterns about themselves, the world and the future.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

According to Beck’s theory, how may you find lasting change to the cognitive triad?

A

Examine evidence for negative schemata/beliefs triggered by negative life events

Challenge cognitive biases and beliefs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Beck’s cognitive triad?

A

Negative views about one’s self, world and future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name some criticisms of behavioural and CBT.

A
  • Some therapies require high level motivation by client
  • Negative thoughts can be realistic
  • Relationship between changing thoughts and behaviour may be exaggerated
  • Insufficient consideration of personal relationships.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Organic pathology can be _______ or ________.

A

Structural: Neurons
Chemical: Neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are biological treatments?

A

Cures organic pathologies in the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the limitations of biological treatments?

A

Does not include environmental triggers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are neurotransmitters inactivated?

A
  1. Reuptake
  2. Inactivation
  3. Drifting away
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is psychotropic medication/pharamacotherapy?

A

Drugs that act on specific brain functions.

Any pharmaceutical agent that can cross blood-brain barriers and have a direct influence on CNS cellular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was a popular Psychotropic medication in the 1950’s?

A

Thorazine: psychosis
Lithium: Bipolar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 ways that pharmacotherapy works?

A

a) Decreases neural transmission by locking up receptor sites.
drug binds with receptors to prevent them from being activated by the neurotransmitters in the synapse.

b) Increase neural transmission by blocking reuptake
Drug blocks neurotransmitters from being taken back into the presynaptic membrane, leaving the neurotransmitters in the synapse longer.

c) Increase neural trans. by blocking breakdown of neurotransmitters in synaptic vesicles
Drug prevents the neurotransmitter returning from the synapse from being broken down for storage, which keeps it available at the synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are anxiolytics?

A

Antianxiety medications that are broadly derived from benzodiazepines in the 1960’s and replaced barbiturates which are highly addictive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Name some examples of potential side effects from anti anxiety medications.

A

Drowsiness, dizziness and low bp. Some may be addictive

26
Q

What mental illness is GABA associated with?

A

Anxiety

27
Q

What are anti depressants?

A

Emerged in 1950’s. SSRI’s came later in in 1980s and are now the dominant anti-depressant

28
Q

Why are SSRI’s now the dominant anti depressant?

A

Lower risk of side effects and safer than MAOI’s.

29
Q

Apart from SSRI’s, what antidepressant is gaining popularity?

A

SNRIs

30
Q

What are the potential side effects of Anti depressants?

A

Nausea, headaches, increased appetite, sexual dysfunction and drowsiness.

31
Q

What are mood stabilisers used for?

A

Primarily to treat bipolar and related disorders and the mood dysfunction that can occur with schizophrenia

32
Q

What are some potential side effects of mood stabilisers?

A

Weight gain, tremors, fatigue, digestives

33
Q

What are neuroleptics?

A

Antipsychotic medication (major tranquillisers) A class of drugs used to treat schizophrenia as well as other disorders involving psychoses

34
Q

What are the potential side effects to antipsychotic medications?

A

Drowsiness, rapid heart beat, weight gain and older drugs caused tremors, tar dive and dyskinesia

35
Q

What are psychostimulants?

A

Used to treat attentional disorders such as ADHD. Most work by increasing dopamine.

36
Q

What are some potential side effects of psycho stimulants?

A

Decreased appetite, sleep disturbances and headache. Some have risk of addiction

37
Q

What are some cautions to consider for pharmacotherapy?

A

Side effects and individual differences. eg. lifestyle/weight etc

38
Q

What are some misconceptions regarding the efficacy and appropriateness of pharmacotherapy?

A
  • Not always necessary to treat disorders
  • not a ‘cure all’, some drugs may work for some age groups and not others
  • Overprescription and polytherapy
39
Q

What is psychosurgery?

A

Cure mental illness through neurosurgical destruction
eg. lobotomies (1920-1960)
Rare in modern day and only performed in extreme cases

40
Q

What is capsulotomy?

A

A type of psychosurgery where specific lesions are put in place to reduce symptoms of severe medication-resistant OCD

41
Q

What are some side effects for capsulotomy?

A

Weight gain, executive/STM dysfunction, severe disinhibition (less common)

42
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

A
  • Brief electrical current tp head of a person sufficient enough to induce a seizure.
  • inappropriate use in 1920-1970 has led to appropriate use modern day
  • Use in cases of severe depression and psychotic features
43
Q

What is repetitive trans-magnetic stimulation (rTMS)?

A
  • Similar to ECT but with magnetic pulses instead.
  • Non-invasive
  • Patient is conscious
  • Effective for people who are medication resistant MDD
44
Q

What is deep brain stimulation (DBS)?

A
  • Alternative to psychosurgery
  • Similar to pacemaker but provide electrical pulses to specific brain areas
  • Used in Parkinson’s disease, now for intractable OCD and MDD
45
Q

What are some cautions for surgical treatments?

A
  • Can have serious side effects that are long-term or life-long
  • only appropriate when other measures have failed, and where their is significant levels of impairment
46
Q

What have outcome studies found about psychodynamic therapy?

A
  • No clear evidence that outcome is better than doing nothing.
  • More education = better in analysis
  • Some evidence states that 5-10% approx were worse
  • Anxiety patients were more successful severe psychopathy patients.
47
Q

Evaluate the efficacy of CBT.

A
  • Paul (1969): 92% desensitisation clients were successful
  • Systematic des. results in behaviour change for anxiety and ptsd
  • Operant conditioning & token economies have heaps of research supporting use in long-term behaviour change
48
Q

Evaluate the efficacy of cognitive therapy.

A
  • Reduces GAD, speech and set anxiety
  • reduces social anxiety but systematic des. is more effective
  • Behaviour therapy more effective for simple phobias and agoraphobia
  • useful for anger, depression and anti social behaviour. Also to treat sexual dysfunction
  • Useless in severe psychopathy
49
Q

________ is highly effective for reducing relapse of depression.

A

Cognitive therapy

50
Q

Anti-depressants and anxiolytics are effective in alleviating the ________ symptoms of anxiety and depression. There is a significant risk of ______.

A
  1. Acute

2. Relapse

51
Q

Combining _______ and ______ can lead to increased efficacy

A
  1. Psychotherapy

2. Pharmacotherapy

52
Q

What does eclectic psychotherapy include?

A

Combining techniques from difference therapeutic approaches to specifically fit a client’s needs

53
Q

What does effective therapy depend on?

A
  • Appropriateness of therapy for condition in question
  • Ability of therapist
  • Client traits
54
Q

Why do we believe in ineffective therapies?

A
  • Spontaneous remission
  • placebo effect
  • Self-serving biases
  • Regression to the mean
  • re-writing the past
55
Q

CBT _______ are measured, rather than how the processes ______ to change.

A
  1. Outcomes

2. Contribute

56
Q

What are ethics and how are they used in clinical practice?

A
  • Beliefs on what is right conduct
  • Ideal standards of profession
  • enforced by associations
57
Q

What is the ethical body for Australia?

A

Australian psychological society

58
Q

Good standards of practice require:

A
  • Professional competence
  • appropriate relationships with clients
  • observance of professional ethics
59
Q

What are the three general principles of APS code of ethics?

A
  1. Rspect for right and dignity of people
  2. propriety
  3. integrity
60
Q

Why are there strict standards that guide behaviour through ethics?

A
  • Protect client
  • protect clinician
  • protect profession

PSY124 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions