week 9 c Flashcards
1
Q
Feather Mosaic
A
Art made from bird feathers
2
Q
Juan Bautista Cuiris
A
Artist known for feather work portraits.
3
Q
Philippe Thomassin
A
French engraver active in late 16th century.
4
Q
Engraving
A
Printmaking technique using incised designs.
5
Q
Harriot’s Report
A
Document promoting investment in Virginia colony.
6
Q
Coloniology
A
Study of colonialism’s impact on cultures.
7
Q
Ethnographic Images
A
Visual representations of specific cultures or peoples.
8
Q
John White
A
Artist whose drawings inspired de Bry’s engravings.
9
Q
De Bry’s Workshop
A
Location where many ethnographic images were produced.
10
Q
Comparative Ethnology
A
Study comparing different cultures
11
Q
Doryphorus
A
Classical statue type representing an athlete or warrior.
12
Q
Mannerist Gesture
A
Artistic style emphasizing elongated forms and poses.
13
Q
Roman Alphabet
A
Writing system used in ancient Rome.
14
Q
Burin
A
Tool for engraving designs onto metal.
15
Q
Quill
A
Writing instrument made from bird feathers.
16
Q
Virginia’s Natives
A
Indigenous people depicted in colonial reports.
17
Q
Savage
A
Term referring to wild or uncivilized people.
18
Q
Contrapposto
A
Artistic pose where weight is shifted onto one leg.
19
Q
The Marckes of sundrye
A
Image depicting Virginia’s chief men.
20
Q
Engraving Techniques
A
Methods used to create detailed prints.
21
Q
Colonial Aims
A
Objectives driving colonial expansion and investment.
22
Q
Visual Strategies
A
Techniques used to convey messages through images.
23
Q
Mercantile Prospects
A
Economic opportunities related to trade and commerce.
24
Q
Tattoo
A
Body ornamentation representing cultural identity.
25
Primary Subject Matter
Factual description of visual elements.
26
Secondary Subject Matter
Iconographical meaning beyond literal interpretation.
27
Iconography
Study of symbols and their meanings in art.
28
Emblem of the Savage
Symbolic representation of Native Americans in art.
29
Schematic Arrow Form
Abstract representation of arrows in tattoos.
30
Symbolic Communication
Use of symbols to convey identity and meaning.
31
Phonetic Signs
Letters representing sounds in a language.
32
Ethnographic Knowledge
Understanding cultures through observation and interpretation.
33
Visual Juxtaposition
Contrasting visual elements to highlight differences.
34
Cultural Translation
Converting cultural symbols into familiar terms.
35
Familiar Symbols
Commonly understood signs within a culture.
36
Civic Identity
Representation of one's affiliation to a community.
37
Allegorical Representation
Art that symbolizes abstract ideas or concepts.
38
Native American Tattoos
Marks indicating tribal affiliation and identity.
39
Sixteenth Century Context
Historical backdrop influencing interpretations of art.
40
Cultural Assumptions
Preconceived notions affecting interpretation of symbols.
41
Visual/Verbal Opposition
Contrast between images and written language.
42
Savage/Civilized Dichotomy
Binary concept contrasting indigenous and European cultures.
43
Harriot's Caption
Explanation linking tattoos to specific native groups.
44
Vespucci's Mundus Novus
Early depiction of New World natives in art.
45
Iconological Analysis
Interpretation of deeper meanings in visual art.
46
De Bry's engraving
Visual representation of ethnographic authority in Virginia.
47
Transcendent authority
Belief in writing's superiority in New World encounters.
48
Alphabetical writing
Key to interpreting the 'savage' in engravings.
49
Savage other
Concept of civilization defined against indigenous cultures.
50
Humanist grammars
Texts promoting writing as a civilizing tool.
51
Year 1492
Marks Columbus's discovery and Nebrija's grammar publication.
52
Elio Antonio de Nebrija
Spanish humanist advocating writing for conquest.
53
Grammatical mission
Europe's goal to civilize through teaching writing.
54
Teaching ABC
Montaigne's phrase on educating the New World.
55
Civil self
Identity formed through literacy and writing.
56
Material body
Physical form tied to preverbal communication methods.
57
Pictorial register
Visual representation prior to textual understanding.
58
Proto-ethnographic discourse
Early discourse analyzing cultures through written texts.
59
Writing lesson
Engraving instructs viewers on literacy and civility.
60
Tattooed body
Symbol of indigenous communication and identity.
61
Civility
Defined as literacy in the context of power.
62
Binary collapse
Challenge to the savage-civilized communication dichotomy.
63
Viewer's gaze
Perspective influencing interpretation of the engraving.
64
Cultural advancement
Progression from savage to civilized through writing.
65
Engraving reception
Viewer's engagement with the image's meaning.
66
Physical orientation
Viewer's body position reflecting the subject's stance.
67
Ethnographic authority
Legitimacy derived from the representation of cultures.
68
Civilizing mission
Europe's endeavor to impose culture through education.
69
Cultural Graphology
Study of writing's material supports and methods.
70
Material Supports
Physical mediums that facilitate writing practices.
71
Inscription Methods
Techniques used to create written symbols.
72
Tattoo
Bodily marking serving as a writing function.
73
Juliet Fleming
Scholar emphasizing tattoos in writing history.
74
William Camden
Antiquarian who documented ancient British markings.
75
John Speed
Historian who described cultural body markings.
76
Thomas Harriot
Writer who recorded American tattooing practices.
77
Samuel Purchas
Chronicler of early American cultural practices.
78
De Bry's Image
Visual representation linking tattoos and letters.
79
Iconography of Otherness
Visual symbols representing cultural differences.
80
Bow and Arrow
Symbol of savagery in New World iconography.
81
Cesare Ripa
Author of 'Iconologia' illustrating cultural symbols.
82
Jean de Léry
Chronicler of Brazilian indigenous peoples.
83
Tupinamba
Indigenous group depicted in Léry's accounts.
84
Opaque Signifiers
Marks that resist reduction to single meanings.
85
Secondary Meanings
Interpretations beyond the immediate visual representation.
86
Primary Meanings
Direct observations of cultural practices.
87
Representational Practices
Cultural methods for depicting and interpreting others.
88
Materiality of Writing
Physical characteristics influencing meaning in texts.
89
Historical Context
Time-specific background shaping cultural interpretations.
90
Cultural Symbols
Visual elements representing specific societal beliefs.
91
Metapicture
Image allowing multiple interpretations and meanings.
92
De Bry's Engraving
Illustrates ambivalence in colonial representation.
93
Labor of Inscription
Process of translating bodies into written forms.
94
Contradictory Readings
Two interpretations of de Bry's image.
95
Savage Body
Representation of indigenous people in colonial art.
96
Ideological Context
Framework of humanism and colonialism influencing interpretation.
97
Historical Field of Mediation
Interaction of technologies and bodies in power structures.
98
Visual Meditation
Image reflecting on how meaning is produced.
99
Ambivalence of Colonial Representation
Conflicted portrayal of civility and savagery.
100
Letter/Tattoo
Comparison between written language and body markings.
101
Joseph-François Lafitau
Author of comparative ethnology on American Indians.
102
Frontispiece
Illustrative page preceding a text
103
Scientific Method Allegory
Visual representation of research and analysis process.
104
Writing Figure
Personification of writing as ethnographer's muse.
105
Gaze of Time
Symbolic figure directing focus on historical context.
106
Religious Artifacts
Objects representing spiritual beliefs in Lafitau's work.
107
Civility and Savagery
Concepts defining cultural perceptions in early modern Europe.
108
Ethnological Discourse
Study of cultures and their comparative analysis.
109
Visual Allegory
Image conveying deeper philosophical or moral meanings.
110
Self-Knowledge of Pictures
Images reflecting on their own representation.
111
Tattoos
Body markings representing cultural identity and significance.
112
Translation of Bodies
Process of interpreting physical forms into cultural narratives.
113
La Fitaus
A Jesuit scholar linking religion and ethnology.
114
Vision on the Wall
Represents man's origin and religious doctrine.
115
New Science
Emergence of scientific methods during the Enlightenment.
116
Ethnography
Descriptive study of cultures and religions.
117
Writing
Transforms fragmentary evidence into a universal system.
118
Comparative Project
La Fitaus's analysis of diverse religious practices.
119
Religious Allegory
Visual representation of theoretical ethnological principles.
120
Episteme
A framework of knowledge and understanding.
121
Foucault's Classical Episteme
Language's neutrality and transparency in knowledge.
122
Materiality of Signs
Physical elements influencing knowledge construction.
123
De Bry's Science
Rooted in Renaissance concepts of signs and resemblances.
124
Indian Tattoos
Material signs reflecting cultural identities and meanings.
125
Rational Structure
De Bry's goal to impose order on savagery.
126
Algonquian Society
Cultural group represented in de Bry's illustrations.
127
Kiwasa
Idol worshiped by Algonquians
128
Civilized Order
Goal of integrating savages into societal norms.
129
Architectural Forms
Visual representation of social hierarchy in de Bry's work.
130
Heathenism
False worship contrasting with true religious belief.
131
Social Hierarchy
Structured order within civilized societies.
132
Fragmentary Evidence
Incomplete data used for ethnographic analysis.
133
Transparent Sign
Letter as a medium in knowledge transmission.
134
Disembodied Vision
Conceptual understanding beyond physical artifacts.
135
Cultural Assimilation
Process of integrating different cultures into one.
136
Architectural Supports
Structural elements symbolizing foundational support in society.
137
De Bry's Letters
Foundational material support for civilized order in ethnography.
138
Nova alphati e ffi ctio
Alphabet book by de Bry with twenty-four letters.
139
Letter A
Symbolically linked to Adam and Eve's Fall.
140
Tree of Knowledge
Biblical tree representing knowledge and temptation.
141
Prelapsarian Condition
State of humanity before the Fall of Adam.
142
Alphabetical Order
System of letters representing structured communication.
143
Material Trappings
Physical representations of abstract concepts like speech.
144
Divine Soul
Concept of humanity's spiritual essence post-Fall.
145
Ethnologist's Work
Recovering origins through the study of cultures.
146
Sacred Books
Texts containing knowledge of divine and human history.
147
Judeo-Christian Narrative
Story of creation
148
John Barrett
Author discussing the significance of letter A.
149
Fatal Deed
Adam's sin of eating from the forbidden tree.
150
Knowledge Production
Process of creating understanding through letters and texts.
151
Savage Marks
Different historical narratives about the origins of writing.
152
Renaissance Literature
Exploration of writing's origins and meanings during Renaissance.
153
Ethnographic Allegory
Symbolic representation of knowledge in cultural studies.
154
Writing Figure
Allegorical representation of the act of writing.
155
Historical Origins
Various narratives explaining the beginnings of writing.
156
Visualization of Desire
Representation of the longing for original writing.
157
Engraving
Artistic representation used to convey complex ideas.
158
Cultural Support
Framework provided by letters for understanding civilization.
159
Nova alphati
Alphabetical logic linking letters to human origins.
160
Thomas Harriot
English explorer who studied Algonquian languages.
161
Phonetic alphabet
System representing sounds of a language.
162
Algonquians
Indigenous people with oral traditions
163
Civilitie
Concept of social order and cultural refinement.
164
Scriptural order
Organization of knowledge through written texts.
165
Luca Landucci
Florentine apothecary who documented cultural encounters.
166
Sugar Pope
Gift to Pope symbolizing Portuguese wealth and power.
167
Imprecise terminology
Terms lacking specific ethnic or cultural meaning.
168
Moor
Generic term for Africans or Ottomans in 16th century.
169
Orality
Cultural reliance on spoken rather than written communication.
170
Evangelize
To convert individuals to Christianity.
171
Tradition
Cultural practices passed through generations orally.
172
Confusion over origins
Misunderstanding of history due to lack of records.
173
Civilization
Societal development characterized by written language and culture.
174
Ethnography
Study of cultures through observation and documentation.
175
De Bry
Artist known for depicting indigenous peoples and cultures.
176
Record keeping
Maintaining historical accounts through written documents.
177
Cultural encounters
Interactions between different societies and cultures.
178
Material foundation of the letter
Physical representation of language through written symbols.
179
Braccia
Unit of measurement
180
Jewels in garments
Symbol of wealth and status in cultural representation.
181
World Map by Martellus
Map showing geographical knowledge from Portuguese explorations.
182
Cantino Planisphere
1502 map showing newly discovered lands.
183
Giulio Romano
Artist known for drawing an elephant.
184
Albrecht Dürer
Renaissance artist famous for woodcuts.
185
Rhinoceros Woodcut
Dürer's 1515 print of a rhinoceros.
186
Aztec Treasures
Famous artifacts admired by Dürer in Brussels.
187
Quetzal Feather Headdress
Aztec ceremonial headdress
188
Hans Burgkmair
Artist attributed with various woodcuts.
189
African Man with Artifacts
Burgkmair's 1520 depiction of cultural exchange.
190
Woodcut Broadsheet
1505 print summarizing Amerigo Vespucci's account.
191
Turquoise Mosaic Shield
Aztec shield
192
Christoph Weiditz
Artist of Trachtenbuch
193
Ferdinand Cortez
Conquistador who brought indigenous people to Europe.
194
Peoples of Africa and India
Burgkmair's 1508 woodcut series on cultures.
195
Natives of Guinea
Burgkmair's hand-colored woodcut from 1508.
196
Jean Bourdichon
Artist of 'The Wild Condition' manuscript.
197
François Deserps
Created 'Recueil de la diversité des habits'.
198
John White
Artist known for depictions of Pictish warriors.
199
Pictish Warrior
White's portrayal of a warrior holding a head.
200
Pictish Woman
White's depiction of a Pictish woman.
201
Guilino Dati
Poet who wrote about Columbus's discoveries.
202
Aztec Artifacts
Wondrous items reflecting Aztec ingenuity and culture.
203
Subtle Ingenuity
Dürer's admiration for foreign artistic skills.
204
African Presence
Representation of Africans in Renaissance Europe.
205
Christoph Weiditz
Artist known for Trachtenbuch
206
Baptism of the Ethiopian
Flemish painting from Book of Hours
207
King Nzinga of Congo
Converted to Christianity in 1491.
208
Portuguese Slavers
Traders involved in kidnapping Congolese people.
209
Letters to King of Portugal
Appeals to stop slave trading
210
Albrecht Dürer
German painter
211
Adoration of the Magi
Dürer's painting from 1504
212
Hieronymus Bosch
Artist of The Adoration of the Magi
213
Vasco Fernandes
Painter of Adoration of the Magi
214
Jan Jansz Mostaert
Dutch artist
215
John Blanke
Historical figure depicted in Westminster Tournament Roll.
216
Annibale Carracci
Italian painter
217
Venetian Women
Painting by Paris Bordone
218
Black Venus
Statue by Barthélemy Prieur
219
Trachtenbuch
Illustrated book by Christoph Weiditz.
220
Codex 1859
Book of Hours of Charles V
221
Oil on panel
Painting technique used by various Renaissance artists.
222
Galleria degli Uffizi
Famous art museum in Florence
223
Rijksmuseum
Dutch national museum
224
Museo del Prado
Art museum in Madrid housing Bosch's works.
225
Albrecht Dürer
Four Books of Human Proportion
226
Hieronymus Bosch
Dutch painter known for fantastical imagery.
227
The Garden of Earthly Delights
Triptych painting depicting paradise
228
Oil on oak panels
Medium used in Bosch's painting
229
Museo del Prado
Famous art museum located in Madrid
230
Ethnography
Study of cultures through direct observation and participation.
231
Artistic Avant-Garde
Innovative artists challenging traditional artistic norms.
232
Cubism
Art movement emphasizing geometric shapes and fragmented forms.
233
Fauvism
Art movement focusing on bold colors and brushwork.
234
Der Blaue Reiter
Expressionist group emphasizing spiritual and symbolic content.
235
Die Brücke
Expressionist group promoting emotional expression through art.
236
Visual Ethnography
Artistic collaboration to document and interpret cultural narratives.
237
The Battle of Orgreave
Artwork by Jeremy Deller addressing historical labor conflicts.
238
Art as Ethnographic Resource
Artworks providing insights into cultural practices and histories.
239
Colonial Context
Historical backdrop of exploitation influencing ethnographic collections.
240
Museums as Cultural Spheres
Spaces for debate on colonialism and cultural heritage issues.
241
Restitution Debate
Discussion on returning cultural artifacts to their origins.
242
New Narratives
Fresh perspectives created within museums regarding cultural heritage.
243
The Ethnographic Eye
Analyzing art history through cultural and anthropological lenses.
244
Contested Heritage
Cultural heritage subject to dispute and differing interpretations.
245
Minority Voices
Perspectives of marginalized groups emphasized in artistic practices.
246
Cultural Heritage
Legacy of cultural artifacts and traditions passed through generations.
