week 9 c Flashcards
Feather Mosaic
Art made from bird feathers
Juan Bautista Cuiris
Artist known for feather work portraits.
Philippe Thomassin
French engraver active in late 16th century.
Engraving
Printmaking technique using incised designs.
Harriot’s Report
Document promoting investment in Virginia colony.
Coloniology
Study of colonialism’s impact on cultures.
Ethnographic Images
Visual representations of specific cultures or peoples.
John White
Artist whose drawings inspired de Bry’s engravings.
De Bry’s Workshop
Location where many ethnographic images were produced.
Comparative Ethnology
Study comparing different cultures
Doryphorus
Classical statue type representing an athlete or warrior.
Mannerist Gesture
Artistic style emphasizing elongated forms and poses.
Roman Alphabet
Writing system used in ancient Rome.
Burin
Tool for engraving designs onto metal.
Quill
Writing instrument made from bird feathers.
Virginia’s Natives
Indigenous people depicted in colonial reports.
Sauvage
Term referring to wild or uncivilized people.
Contrapposto
Artistic pose where weight is shifted onto one leg.
The Marckes of sundrye
Image depicting Virginia’s chief men.
Engraving Techniques
Methods used to create detailed prints.
Colonial Aims
Objectives driving colonial expansion and investment.
Visual Strategies
Techniques used to convey messages through images.
Mercantile Prospects
Economic opportunities related to trade and commerce.
Tattoo
Body ornamentation representing cultural identity.
Primary Subject Matter
Factual description of visual elements.
Secondary Subject Matter
Iconographical meaning beyond literal interpretation.
Iconography
Study of symbols and their meanings in art.
Emblem of the Savage
Symbolic representation of Native Americans in art.
Schematic Arrow Form
Abstract representation of arrows in tattoos.
Symbolic Communication
Use of symbols to convey identity and meaning.
Phonetic Signs
Letters representing sounds in a language.
Ethnographic Knowledge
Understanding cultures through observation and interpretation.
Visual Juxtaposition
Contrasting visual elements to highlight differences.
Cultural Translation
Converting cultural symbols into familiar terms.
Familiar Symbols
Commonly understood signs within a culture.
Civic Identity
Representation of one’s affiliation to a community.
Allegorical Representation
Art that symbolizes abstract ideas or concepts.
Native American Tattoos
Marks indicating tribal affiliation and identity.
Sixteenth Century Context
Historical backdrop influencing interpretations of art.
Cultural Assumptions
Preconceived notions affecting interpretation of symbols.
Visual/Verbal Opposition
Contrast between images and written language.
Savage/Civilized Dichotomy
Binary concept contrasting indigenous and European cultures.
Harriot’s Caption
Explanation linking tattoos to specific native groups.
Vespucci’s Mundus Novus
Early depiction of New World natives in art.
Iconological Analysis
Interpretation of deeper meanings in visual art.
De Bry’s engraving
Visual representation of ethnographic authority in Virginia.
Transcendent authority
Belief in writing’s superiority in New World encounters.
Alphabetical writing
Key to interpreting the ‘savage’ in engravings.
Savage other
Concept of civilization defined against indigenous cultures.
Humanist grammars
Texts promoting writing as a civilizing tool.
Year 1492
Marks Columbus’s discovery and Nebrija’s grammar publication.
Elio Antonio de Nebrija
Spanish humanist advocating writing for conquest.
Grammatical mission
Europe’s goal to civilize through teaching writing.
Teaching ABC
Montaigne’s phrase on educating the New World.
Civil self
Identity formed through literacy and writing.
Material body
Physical form tied to preverbal communication methods.
Pictorial register
Visual representation prior to textual understanding.
Proto-ethnographic discourse
Early discourse analyzing cultures through written texts.
Writing lesson
Engraving instructs viewers on literacy and civility.
Tattooed body
Symbol of indigenous communication and identity.
Civility
Defined as literacy in the context of power.
Binary collapse
Challenge to the savage-civilized communication dichotomy.
Viewer’s gaze
Perspective influencing interpretation of the engraving.
Cultural advancement
Progression from savage to civilized through writing.
Engraving reception
Viewer’s engagement with the image’s meaning.
Physical orientation
Viewer’s body position reflecting the subject’s stance.
Ethnographic authority
Legitimacy derived from the representation of cultures.
Civilizing mission
Europe’s endeavor to impose culture through education.
Cultural Graphology
Study of writing’s material supports and methods.
Material Supports
Physical mediums that facilitate writing practices.
Inscription Methods
Techniques used to create written symbols.
Tattoo
Bodily marking serving as a writing function.
Juliet Fleming
Scholar emphasizing tattoos in writing history.
William Camden
Antiquarian who documented ancient British markings.
John Speed
Historian who described cultural body markings.
Thomas Harriot
Writer who recorded American tattooing practices.
Samuel Purchas
Chronicler of early American cultural practices.
De Bry’s Image
Visual representation linking tattoos and letters.
Iconography of Otherness
Visual symbols representing cultural differences.
Bow and Arrow
Symbol of savagery in New World iconography.
Cesare Ripa
Author of ‘Iconologia’ illustrating cultural symbols.
Jean de Léry
Chronicler of Brazilian indigenous peoples.
Tupinamba
Indigenous group depicted in Léry’s accounts.
Opaque Signifiers
Marks that resist reduction to single meanings.
Secondary Meanings
Interpretations beyond the immediate visual representation.
Primary Meanings
Direct observations of cultural practices.
Representational Practices
Cultural methods for depicting and interpreting others.
Materiality of Writing
Physical characteristics influencing meaning in texts.
Historical Context
Time-specific background shaping cultural interpretations.
Cultural Symbols
Visual elements representing specific societal beliefs.
Metapicture
Image allowing multiple interpretations and meanings.
De Bry’s Engraving
Illustrates ambivalence in colonial representation.
Labor of Inscription
Process of translating bodies into written forms.
Contradictory Readings
Two interpretations of de Bry’s image.
Savage Body
Representation of indigenous people in colonial art.
Ideological Context
Framework of humanism and colonialism influencing interpretation.
Historical Field of Mediation
Interaction of technologies and bodies in power structures.
Visual Meditation
Image reflecting on how meaning is produced.
Ambivalence of Colonial Representation
Conflicted portrayal of civility and savagery.
Letter/Tattoo
Comparison between written language and body markings.
Joseph-François Lafitau
Author of comparative ethnology on American Indians.
Frontispiece
Illustrative page preceding a text
Scientific Method Allegory
Visual representation of research and analysis process.
Writing Figure
Personification of writing as ethnographer’s muse.
Gaze of Time
Symbolic figure directing focus on historical context.
Religious Artifacts
Objects representing spiritual beliefs in Lafitau’s work.
Civility and Savagery
Concepts defining cultural perceptions in early modern Europe.
Ethnological Discourse
Study of cultures and their comparative analysis.
Visual Allegory
Image conveying deeper philosophical or moral meanings.
Self-Knowledge of Pictures
Images reflecting on their own representation.
Tattoos
Body markings representing cultural identity and significance.
Translation of Bodies
Process of interpreting physical forms into cultural narratives.
La Fitaus
A Jesuit scholar linking religion and ethnology.
Vision on the Wall
Represents man’s origin and religious doctrine.
New Science
Emergence of scientific methods during the Enlightenment.
Ethnography
Descriptive study of cultures and religions.
Writing
Transforms fragmentary evidence into a universal system.
Comparative Project
La Fitaus’s analysis of diverse religious practices.
Religious Allegory
Visual representation of theoretical ethnological principles.
Episteme
A framework of knowledge and understanding.
Foucault’s Classical Episteme
Language’s neutrality and transparency in knowledge.
Materiality of Signs
Physical elements influencing knowledge construction.
De Bry’s Science
Rooted in Renaissance concepts of signs and resemblances.
Indian Tattoos
Material signs reflecting cultural identities and meanings.
Rational Structure
De Bry’s goal to impose order on savagery.
Algonquian Society
Cultural group represented in de Bry’s illustrations.
Kiwasa
Idol worshiped by Algonquians
Civilized Order
Goal of integrating savages into societal norms.
Architectural Forms
Visual representation of social hierarchy in de Bry’s work.
Heathenism
False worship contrasting with true religious belief.
Social Hierarchy
Structured order within civilized societies.
Fragmentary Evidence
Incomplete data used for ethnographic analysis.
Transparent Sign
Letter as a medium in knowledge transmission.
Disembodied Vision
Conceptual understanding beyond physical artifacts.
Cultural Assimilation
Process of integrating different cultures into one.
Architectural Supports
Structural elements symbolizing foundational support in society.
De Bry’s Letters
Foundational material support for civilized order in ethnography.
Nova alphati e ffi ctio
Alphabet book by de Bry with twenty-four letters.
Letter A
Symbolically linked to Adam and Eve’s Fall.
Tree of Knowledge
Biblical tree representing knowledge and temptation.
Prelapsarian Condition
State of humanity before the Fall of Adam.
Alphabetical Order
System of letters representing structured communication.
Material Trappings
Physical representations of abstract concepts like speech.
Divine Soul
Concept of humanity’s spiritual essence post-Fall.
Ethnologist’s Work
Recovering origins through the study of cultures.
Sacred Books
Texts containing knowledge of divine and human history.
Judeo-Christian Narrative
Story of creation
John Barrett
Author discussing the significance of letter A.
Fatal Deed
Adam’s sin of eating from the forbidden tree.
Knowledge Production
Process of creating understanding through letters and texts.
Savage Marks
Different historical narratives about the origins of writing.
Renaissance Literature
Exploration of writing’s origins and meanings during Renaissance.
Ethnographic Allegory
Symbolic representation of knowledge in cultural studies.
Writing Figure
Allegorical representation of the act of writing.
Historical Origins
Various narratives explaining the beginnings of writing.
Visualization of Desire
Representation of the longing for original writing.
Engraving
Artistic representation used to convey complex ideas.
Cultural Support
Framework provided by letters for understanding civilization.
Nova alphati
Alphabetical logic linking letters to human origins.
Thomas Harriot
English explorer who studied Algonquian languages.
Phonetic alphabet
System representing sounds of a language.
Algonquians
Indigenous people with oral traditions
Civilitie
Concept of social order and cultural refinement.
Scriptural order
Organization of knowledge through written texts.
Luca Landucci
Florentine apothecary who documented cultural encounters.
Sugar Pope
Gift to Pope symbolizing Portuguese wealth and power.
Imprecise terminology
Terms lacking specific ethnic or cultural meaning.
Moor
Generic term for Africans or Ottomans in 16th century.
Orality
Cultural reliance on spoken rather than written communication.
Evangelize
To convert individuals to Christianity.
Tradition
Cultural practices passed through generations orally.
Confusion over origins
Misunderstanding of history due to lack of records.
Civilization
Societal development characterized by written language and culture.
Ethnography
Study of cultures through observation and documentation.
De Bry
Artist known for depicting indigenous peoples and cultures.
Record keeping
Maintaining historical accounts through written documents.
Cultural encounters
Interactions between different societies and cultures.
Material foundation of the letter
Physical representation of language through written symbols.
Braccia
Unit of measurement
Jewels in garments
Symbol of wealth and status in cultural representation.
World Map by Martellus
Map showing geographical knowledge from Portuguese explorations.
Cantino Planisphere
1502 map showing newly discovered lands.
Giulio Romano
Artist known for drawing an elephant.
Albrecht Dürer
Renaissance artist famous for woodcuts.
Rhinoceros Woodcut
Dürer’s 1515 print of a rhinoceros.
Aztec Treasures
Famous artifacts admired by Dürer in Brussels.
Quetzal Feather Headdress
Aztec ceremonial headdress
Hans Burgkmair
Artist attributed with various woodcuts.
African Man with Artifacts
Burgkmair’s 1520 depiction of cultural exchange.
Woodcut Broadsheet
1505 print summarizing Amerigo Vespucci’s account.
Turquoise Mosaic Shield
Aztec shield
Christoph Weiditz
Artist of Trachtenbuch
Ferdinand Cortez
Conquistador who brought indigenous people to Europe.
Peoples of Africa and India
Burgkmair’s 1508 woodcut series on cultures.
Natives of Guinea
Burgkmair’s hand-colored woodcut from 1508.
Jean Bourdichon
Artist of ‘The Wild Condition’ manuscript.
François Deserps
Created ‘Recueil de la diversité des habits’.
John White
Artist known for depictions of Pictish warriors.
Pictish Warrior
White’s portrayal of a warrior holding a head.
Pictish Woman
White’s depiction of a Pictish woman.
Guilino Dati
Poet who wrote about Columbus’s discoveries.
Aztec Artifacts
Wondrous items reflecting Aztec ingenuity and culture.
Subtle Ingenuity
Dürer’s admiration for foreign artistic skills.
African Presence
Representation of Africans in Renaissance Europe.
Christoph Weiditz
Artist known for Trachtenbuch
Baptism of the Ethiopian
Flemish painting from Book of Hours
King Nzinga of Congo
Converted to Christianity in 1491.
Portuguese Slavers
Traders involved in kidnapping Congolese people.
Letters to King of Portugal
Appeals to stop slave trading
Albrecht Dürer
German painter
Adoration of the Magi
Dürer’s painting from 1504
Hieronymus Bosch
Artist of The Adoration of the Magi
Vasco Fernandes
Painter of Adoration of the Magi
Jan Jansz Mostaert
Dutch artist
John Blanke
Historical figure depicted in Westminster Tournament Roll.
Annibale Carracci
Italian painter
Venetian Women
Painting by Paris Bordone
Black Venus
Statue by Barthélemy Prieur
Trachtenbuch
Illustrated book by Christoph Weiditz.
Codex 1859
Book of Hours of Charles V
Oil on panel
Painting technique used by various Renaissance artists.
Galleria degli Uffizi
Famous art museum in Florence
Rijksmuseum
Dutch national museum
Museo del Prado
Art museum in Madrid housing Bosch’s works.
Albrecht Dürer
Four Books of Human Proportion
Hieronymus Bosch
Dutch painter known for fantastical imagery.
The Garden of Earthly Delights
Triptych painting depicting paradise
Oil on oak panels
Medium used in Bosch’s painting
Museo del Prado
Famous art museum located in Madrid
Ethnography
Study of cultures through direct observation and participation.
Artistic Avant-Garde
Innovative artists challenging traditional artistic norms.
Cubism
Art movement emphasizing geometric shapes and fragmented forms.
Fauvism
Art movement focusing on bold colors and brushwork.
Der Blaue Reiter
Expressionist group emphasizing spiritual and symbolic content.
Die Brücke
Expressionist group promoting emotional expression through art.
Visual Ethnography
Artistic collaboration to document and interpret cultural narratives.
The Battle of Orgreave
Artwork by Jeremy Deller addressing historical labor conflicts.
Art as Ethnographic Resource
Artworks providing insights into cultural practices and histories.
Colonial Context
Historical backdrop of exploitation influencing ethnographic collections.
Museums as Cultural Spheres
Spaces for debate on colonialism and cultural heritage issues.
Restitution Debate
Discussion on returning cultural artifacts to their origins.
New Narratives
Fresh perspectives created within museums regarding cultural heritage.
The Ethnographic Eye
Analyzing art history through cultural and anthropological lenses.
Contested Heritage
Cultural heritage subject to dispute and differing interpretations.
Minority Voices
Perspectives of marginalized groups emphasized in artistic practices.
Cultural Heritage
Legacy of cultural artifacts and traditions passed through generations.
