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History of art 1B > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Yangshao Culture

A

Neolithic culture

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2
Q

Longshan Culture

A

Neolithic culture

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3
Q

Cong

A

Prismatic jade objects

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4
Q

Bi

A

Jade disc

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5
Q

Zhongguo

A

Chinese term meaning ‘Middle Kingdom’ or ‘Central State’.

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6
Q

Qin Dynasty

A

First unified state in China

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7
Q

Terracotta Army

A

Burial site of Qin Emperor

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8
Q

Qin Shihuang Di

A

First Emperor of China

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9
Q

Mausoleum of Qin

A

Symbolizes the center of the world

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10
Q

Chinese Purple

A

Pigment developed by Taoist alchemists

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11
Q

Barium Compounds

A

Added to glass to mimic jade appearance.

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12
Q

Bronze Making

A

Ancient technology for reducing melting temperature.

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13
Q

Pottery Making

A

Advanced kilns used in ancient Chinese pottery.

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14
Q

Eggshell Pottery

A

Thin

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15
Q

Liangzhu Culture

A

Neolithic culture

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16
Q

Yellow River

A

Northern river

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17
Q

Yangzi River

A

Southern river

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18
Q

Neolithic Period

A

Era of early human development

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19
Q

Political Power Symbols

A

Cong and Bi discs represent ruling class authority.

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20
Q

Cultural Movements

A

Early civilizations developed alongside major river systems.

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21
Q

Terracotta Warrior Dimensions

A

Soldiers approximately 1.8-1.9 meters tall.

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22
Q

Historical Monument Declaration

A

Mausoleum declared a monument in 1961.

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23
Q

Mercury in Mausoleum

A

Used to represent rivers and seas in tomb.

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24
Q

SEM image

A

Scanning Electron Microscope image for detailed analysis.

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25
Q

EDX map

A

Energy Dispersive X-ray map showing elemental distribution.

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26
Q

μXRF

A

Micro X-ray Fluorescence for bulk elemental analysis.

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27
Q

μXRD

A

Micro X-ray Diffraction for crystallographic mapping.

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28
Q

Lead (Pb) concentration

A

Measurement of lead content in pigment samples.

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29
Q

Copper (Cu) concentration

A

Measurement of copper content in pigment samples.

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30
Q

Bronze chariot

A

Largest survived bronze object

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31
Q

Wine vessels (hu)

A

Bronze vessels

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32
Q

Marquis Yi of Zeng

A

Commissioner of the wine vessels

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33
Q

Late Zhou period

A

Period from 1046 BC to 256 BC

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34
Q

Warring States period

A

475-221 BC

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35
Q

Sacrificial vessels

A

Bronze vessels used for ancestor worship.

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36
Q

Inscriptions on bronzes

A

Often refer to owners

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37
Q

Gold and silver inlay

A

Decorative technique used in ornate bronze vessels.

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38
Q

Display and feasting

A

New roles for bronzes beyond religious rituals.

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39
Q

Tonnage of bronzes

A

Estimated over ten metric tons in Marquis Yi’s tomb.

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40
Q

Character figures

A

Figures with realistic features

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41
Q

Individualization in art

A

Artistic focus on specific individuals

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42
Q

Portraiture

A

Art form representing specific individuals

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43
Q

Human self-objectification

A

Art reflecting human identity and individuality.

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44
Q

Han Dynasty art

A

Period of elaboration in representational art methods.

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45
Q

Artistic distance-keeping

A

Critical comparison between reality and artistic reproduction.

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46
Q

Real Portrait

A

Depicts a person’s actual features accurately.

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47
Q

Imaginary Portrait

A

Suggests appearance of historical figures not depicted.

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48
Q

Ideal Portrait

A

Ambiguous term for portraits based on ideals.

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49
Q

Chin Dynasty

A

Early period of portrait development in China.

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50
Q

T’ang Dynasty

A

Period when portraiture was perfected in China.

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51
Q

Physiognomic Characteristics

A

Physical traits used for individualization in portraits.

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52
Q

Personalization

A

Preparation for true portraiture through individual traits.

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53
Q

Confucianism

A

Philosophy emphasizing humanity and individuality in society.

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54
Q

Social Function of Portraits

A

Serves religious and secular purposes in society.

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55
Q

Character Figures

A

Figures representing individuals in action and dialogue.

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56
Q

Engraved Tomb Tiles

A

Early examples of portraiture from the third century B.C.

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57
Q

Later Han

A

Period with advanced character figures in tombs.

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58
Q

Caricature

A

Exaggerated portrayal for satirical representation.

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59
Q

Narrative Illustration

A

Art depicting stories on walls of structures.

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60
Q

Ego Representation

A

Portrayal of self among fellow individuals.

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61
Q

Unbroken Tradition

A

Continuous development of character figures over centuries.

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62
Q

Regional Peculiarities

A

Local variations in portrait representation practices.

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63
Q

Sporadic Evidence

A

Limited historical records for reconstructing portrait evolution.

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64
Q

Social and Ethical System

A

Confucianism’s framework placing man at its center.

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65
Q

Expressive Faces

A

Facial expressions conveying emotions in character figures.

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66
Q

Lively Interaction

A

Dynamic engagement depicted in narrative illustrations.

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67
Q

Historical Figures

A

Well-known individuals represented in imaginary portraits.

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68
Q

Tombs and Shrines

A

Burial sites featuring personalized art and inscriptions.

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69
Q

Koguryo Period

A

North Korean era known for significant mural art.

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70
Q

Han Dynasty

A

Chinese dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) influencing art styles.

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71
Q

Portraiture

A

Artistic representation of individual persons in context.

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72
Q

Biographical Scenes

A

Art depicting life events of the tomb owner.

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73
Q

Genre Scenes

A

Art illustrating everyday life and social interactions.

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74
Q

Confucian Classics

A

Ancient texts emphasizing moral and ethical teachings.

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75
Q

Idealizing Style

A

Artistic approach emphasizing beauty over realism.

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76
Q

Li-shu Script

A

Chinese writing style used during Han Dynasty.

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77
Q

Brushwork

A

Technique involving flexible brush for detailed writing.

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78
Q

Character Figures

A

Human figures in art representing specific individuals.

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79
Q

Marquise of Tai

A

First known individual portrait from second century B.C.

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80
Q

Seven Sages

A

Group of figures representing personal characterization in art.

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81
Q

Ku K’ai-chih

A

Notable portraitist from the fourth and fifth centuries.

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82
Q

Pictorial Identity

A

Unique visual representation of individual persons.

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83
Q

Narrative Mode

A

Art style focusing on storytelling through imagery.

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84
Q

Tomb Reliefs

A

Sculpted artworks found in burial sites.

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85
Q

Social Sphere

A

Context of an individual’s social interactions and status.

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86
Q

Ceremonial Portraits

A

Formal representations adhering to social decorum.

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87
Q

Art Experimentation

A

Innovative approaches in art during Han rule.

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88
Q

Historical Documentation

A

Records providing context about individuals in art.

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89
Q

Expressiveness

A

Quality of conveying emotions through artistic features.

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90
Q

Anonymity in Art

A

Use of unnamed figures with contextual inscriptions.

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91
Q

Ku K’ai-chih

A

Chinese painter known for portraiture and narrative art.

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92
Q

Three Perfections

A

Artistic skills in painting

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93
Q

Admonitions handscroll

A

Illustrated text by Ku K’ai-chih

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94
Q

Nymph of the Lo River

A

Famous handscroll painting by Ku K’ai-chih.

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95
Q

Ch’uan-shen hsieh-chao

A

Definition of portraiture: spirit transmission through appearance.

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96
Q

Verisimilitude

A

Realism necessary to depict inner nature in portraits.

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97
Q

Pupils of the eyes

A

Crucial for capturing life in portraiture.

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98
Q

Skimmed white technique

A

Veiling pupil with ink for subtle portrayal.

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99
Q

Ambiente portrait

A

Portrait style showing subjects in natural surroundings.

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100
Q

Defective eye portrayal

A

Technique to depict imperfections sensitively in portraits.

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101
Q

Ecstatic devoutness

A

Characteristic expression in portraits of certain figures.

102
Q

Chien-chen statue

A

Dry lacquer portrait statue from T’ang Dynasty.

103
Q

Amoghavajra portrait

A

Prototype for later representations of the figure.

104
Q

Daigoji pagoda

A

Location of significant wall-painting from 951.

105
Q

Cosmopolitan T’ang China

A

Era known for diverse foreign visitors and influences.

106
Q

Historical portraits

A

Depictions of notable figures from history.

107
Q

Inner nature

A

Essence of a person captured in portraiture.

108
Q

Narrative mode

A

Art style focusing on storytelling through visuals.

109
Q

Portrait problems

A

Challenges faced in accurately depicting subjects.

110
Q

Keen awareness

A

Artist’s understanding of portraiture complexities.

111
Q

Life or spirit

A

Vitality conveyed through specific artistic choices.

112
Q

Natural surroundings

A

Contextual setting enhancing the subject’s character.

113
Q

Chinese patriarch type

A

Traditional representation contrasting with depicted figures.

114
Q

Ceramic tomb figurines

A

Non-portrait sculptures depicting character types.

115
Q

Exotic realism

A

Art style emphasizing diverse racial characteristics.

116
Q

Character-figures

A

Stylized representations of distinct personalities.

117
Q

Buddhist Arhats

A

Monks depicted with Indian names and traits.

118
Q

Physiognomical interest

A

Focus on facial features and expressions.

119
Q

Samsara realm

A

Cycle of birth

120
Q

Temporal incorruptibility

A

Preservation of monk bodies post-meditation.

121
Q

Mahakasyapa

A

Sakyamuni’s disciple

122
Q

Maitreya

A

Future Buddha awaited by Buddhist practitioners.

123
Q

Nara imperial court

A

Cultural center in Japan during the 8th century.

124
Q

Regent-Prince Shotoku

A

Japanese figure depicted unrealistically in art.

125
Q

Realistic lifelikeness

A

High fidelity in depicting individual features.

126
Q

Buddhist monks

A

Religious figures often portrayed in art.

127
Q

Li-tai ming-hua chi

A

Historical text on Chinese art and painting.

128
Q

Hsiao I

A

Liang ruler known for depicting foreign envoys.

129
Q

Provincial governor

A

Local leader with administrative responsibilities.

130
Q

Grotesque character types

A

Exaggerated figures with symbolic significance.

131
Q

Ascetic austerities

A

Rigorous practices for spiritual discipline.

132
Q

Grotto or chapel

A

Places for veneration of preserved monks.

133
Q

Chinese vs. Japanese portraiture

A

Differences in realism and style across cultures.

134
Q

T’ang culture

A

Period known for its artistic realism.

135
Q

Historical Museum

136
Q

Immortal Bodies

A

Monks’ preserved corpses

137
Q

Hui-neng

A

Sixth Ch’an Patriarch

138
Q

Cultural Revolution

A

Period in China (1966-1976) of political upheaval.

139
Q

Presence in Reality

A

Actual existence of a person or object.

140
Q

Presence in an Image

A

Representation of a person through art.

141
Q

Embodiment

A

Artistic representation that captures essence of subject.

142
Q

Realistic Likeness

A

Accurate depiction of a person in art.

143
Q

Portrait Statues

A

Sculptures representing individuals

144
Q

Life-size Height

A

Typical height of monk statues

145
Q

Reliquaries

A

Containers for sacred relics

146
Q

T’ang Realism

A

Artistic style emphasizing lifelike representation.

147
Q

Burckhardt’s Formula

A

Concept of universal understanding in Renaissance art.

148
Q

Formal Reserve

A

Cultural tendency to avoid extreme expressions.

149
Q

Hierarchic System

A

Social structure based on rank and dignity.

150
Q

Three Perfections

A

Integration of calligraphy

151
Q

Picturesque Script

A

Writing system imitating nature

152
Q

Calligraphic Brushwork

A

Artistic technique in Chinese calligraphy.

153
Q

Bodhisattva

A

Enlightened being in Buddhism

154
Q

Gandhara Art

A

Art style from Northern Pakistan

155
Q

Sacred Ghats

A

Banks of the Ganges

156
Q

South Asia

A

Region including India

157
Q

Historical India

A

Includes Pakistan and Bangladesh before 1947.

158
Q

Religious Systems

A

Includes Hinduism

159
Q

Indic

A

Relating to ancient South Asian languages and religions.

160
Q

Essential Reading

A

Key scholarly work on Hindu architecture.

161
Q

Recommended Reading

A

Mitter’s overview of Hindu art history.

162
Q

Diacritical Marks

A

Symbols indicating pronunciation variations in transliteration.

163
Q

Pushkar

A

Sacred site in Rajasthan with Brahma temple.

164
Q

Cave Temples

A

6th century CE rock-cut temples in Maharashtra.

165
Q

Nagara Style

A

North Indian temple architecture with curvilinear spires.

166
Q

Dravida Style

A

South Indian temple architecture with stepped pyramids.

167
Q

Multi-aedicular Structure

A

Temple design resembling a heavenly palace.

168
Q

Polytheistic Religion

A

Belief in multiple gods and goddesses.

169
Q

Vast Pantheon

A

Diverse deities

170
Q

Iconography of Deities

A

Visual representation and symbols of Hindu gods.

171
Q

Vaishnavism

A

Sect of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu and his avatars.

172
Q

Vishnu’s Attributes

173
Q

Dasavatara

A

Vishnu’s ten incarnations including Rama and Krishna.

174
Q

Shaivism

A

Sect of Hinduism worshipping Shiva and his forms.

175
Q

Shiva’s Main Attribute

176
Q

Nandi

177
Q

Persianate

A

Cultural influence of Persian language and traditions.

178
Q

Timurid

A

Relating to the Persianate Turco-Mongol Empire.

179
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

Indo-Islamic state established by Central Asian Turks.

180
Q

Ghaznavid Rulers

A

Turkic rulers of Punjab known as ashvapatis.

181
Q

Persianate World

A

Cultural sphere influenced by Persian heritage.

182
Q

Persianate World

A

Cultural sphere influenced by Persian art and literature.

183
Q

Mughal Architecture

A

Combines indigenous motifs with Islamic architectural forms.

184
Q

Indo-Islamic Dynasties

A

Pre-Mughal rulers influencing Mughal architectural styles.

185
Q

Delhi Sultanate

A

Period of Muslim rule in India

186
Q

Khilji Dynasty

A

Delhi Sultanate dynasty

187
Q

Tughluq Dynasty

A

Delhi Sultanate dynasty

188
Q

Timur’s Sack of Delhi

A

1399 invasion by Central Asian warlord Timur.

189
Q

Sayyid Dynasty

A

Delhi Sultanate dynasty

190
Q

Lodi Dynasty

A

Delhi Sultanate dynasty

191
Q

Mughal Empire

A

Founded by Babur in 1526

192
Q

Sur Interregnum

A

Period of rule by Sur dynasty

193
Q

Qutb Complex

A

Architectural complex in Delhi

194
Q

Mihrab

A

Prayer niche in a mosque indicating prayer direction.

195
Q

Minbar

A

Pulpit in a mosque for delivering sermons.

196
Q

Qibla Wall

A

Wall in a mosque oriented towards Mecca.

197
Q

Amir Khusro

A

Poet who blended Persian and Indian literary traditions.

198
Q

Chishti Order

A

Sufi order known for its emphasis on love and devotion.

199
Q

Alai Darwaza

A

Gateway built by Alauddin Khilji

200
Q

Kirtimukha

A

Hindu decorative motif representing the ‘face of glory’.

201
Q

Ghazna

A

Historical region in Afghanistan

202
Q

Sarcophagus of Iltutmish

A

Tomb of Iltutmish

203
Q

Paradisiacal Imagery

A

Artistic representations symbolizing paradise in Islamic architecture.

204
Q

Hindavi Language

A

Precursor to modern Hindi and Urdu

205
Q

Dargah

A

Tomb-shrine of a Sufi saint

206
Q

Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq’s tomb

A

Tomb surrounded by a courtyard and quadrangle.

207
Q

Nizamuddin dargah

A

Tomb-shrine complex of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya.

208
Q

Hoshang Shah’s tomb

A

Tomb of Malwa sultan

209
Q

Jalis

A

Lattices used in tomb interiors for decoration.

210
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for Mumtaz Mahal.

211
Q

Jama Masjid

A

Grand mosque in Delhi built by Shah Jahan.

212
Q

Harmandir Sahib

A

Sikh temple known as ‘The Golden Temple’.

213
Q

Mughal Art

A

Art influenced by Persian and Indian aesthetics.

214
Q

Yashaswini Chandra

A

Scholar on Mughal art and female patronage.

215
Q

Akbarnama

A

Chronicle of Akbar’s reign

216
Q

Great Mughals

A

Lineage of Mughal emperors from Genghis Khan and Timur.

217
Q

Babur

A

Founder of the Mughal Empire

218
Q

Nur Jahan

A

Chief consort of Jahangir

219
Q

Itimadud Daulah’s tomb

A

Tomb built by Nur Jahan in Agra

220
Q

Charbagh

A

Indo-Persianate four-square garden design.

221
Q

Caravanserai

A

Inn for travelers along the Grand Trunk Road.

222
Q

Nur Mahal

A

Palace built by Nur Jahan near Jalandhar.

223
Q

Foundation inscription

A

Describes Nur Jahan as Jahangir’s trusted companion.

224
Q

Sebastian Manrique

A

Portuguese friar who noted Mughal architecture’s piety.

225
Q

Francisco Pelsaert

A

Dutch traveler who praised Nur Jahan’s constructions.

226
Q

Mumtaz Mahal

A

Wife of Shah Jahan

227
Q

Chattris

A

Domed open kiosks commonly found in Mughal architecture.

228
Q

Sarcophagi

A

Tomb structures that contain the remains of the deceased.

229
Q

Inlay work

A

Decorative technique using materials like marble and gemstones.

230
Q

Caravanserai

A

A roadside inn for travelers

231
Q

Nur Mahal

A

Caravanserai built by Nur Jahan

232
Q

Hammam

A

A public bathhouse

233
Q

Mughal Painting

A

Small-format artworks

234
Q

Indo-Persian Style

A

Art style blending Indian and Persian influences.

235
Q

Jahangir

A

Mughal emperor known for patronage of painting.

236
Q

Bishandas

A

Artist of ‘Nur Jahan Holding a Portrait of Jahangir’.

237
Q

Amateur Women Artists

A

Women involved in art

238
Q

Bichitr

A

Artist of ‘Mughal Sufi Shaikh’ painting.

239
Q

Nur Jahan Holding a Musket

A

Painting by Abul Hasan

240
Q

Mughal Prince Murad

A

Subject of painting attributed to Manohar

241
Q

Dara Shikoh

A

Mughal prince depicted with his consort in art.

242
Q

Nadira Banu Begum

A

Consort of Dara Shikoh

243
Q

Mughal Princesses Hunting

A

Painting depicting two princesses hunting game birds.

244
Q

Mughal Gold Coin

A

Coin issued in Nur Jahan’s name

245
Q

Red Fort

A

Built by Shah Jahan

246
Q

Jahangir’s Tomb

A

Located in Lahore

247
Q

Nur Jahan’s Tomb

A

Located in Lahore

248
Q

Mumtaz Mahal

A

Wife of Shah Jahan

249
Q

Miniature Paintings

A

Artworks characterized by detailed small formats.

250
Q

Late European Influence

A

Impact of 16th-century European naturalism on Mughal art.

History of art 1B (9 decks)

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