week 5 Flashcards
1
Q
Yangshao Culture
A
Neolithic culture
2
Q
Longshan Culture
A
Neolithic culture
3
Q
Cong
A
Prismatic jade objects
4
Q
Bi
A
Jade disc
5
Q
Zhongguo
A
Chinese term meaning ‘Middle Kingdom’ or ‘Central State’.
6
Q
Qin Dynasty
A
First unified state in China
7
Q
Terracotta Army
A
Burial site of Qin Emperor
8
Q
Qin Shihuang Di
A
First Emperor of China
9
Q
Mausoleum of Qin
A
Symbolizes the center of the world
10
Q
Chinese Purple
A
Pigment developed by Taoist alchemists
11
Q
Barium Compounds
A
Added to glass to mimic jade appearance.
12
Q
Bronze Making
A
Ancient technology for reducing melting temperature.
13
Q
Pottery Making
A
Advanced kilns used in ancient Chinese pottery.
14
Q
Eggshell Pottery
A
Thin
15
Q
Liangzhu Culture
A
Neolithic culture
16
Q
Yellow River
A
Northern river
17
Q
Yangzi River
A
Southern river
18
Q
Neolithic Period
A
Era of early human development
19
Q
Political Power Symbols
A
Cong and Bi discs represent ruling class authority.
20
Q
Cultural Movements
A
Early civilizations developed alongside major river systems.
21
Q
Terracotta Warrior Dimensions
A
Soldiers approximately 1.8-1.9 meters tall.
22
Q
Historical Monument Declaration
A
Mausoleum declared a monument in 1961.
23
Q
Mercury in Mausoleum
A
Used to represent rivers and seas in tomb.
24
Q
SEM image
A
Scanning Electron Microscope image for detailed analysis.
25
EDX map
Energy Dispersive X-ray map showing elemental distribution.
26
μXRF
Micro X-ray Fluorescence for bulk elemental analysis.
27
μXRD
Micro X-ray Diffraction for crystallographic mapping.
28
Lead (Pb) concentration
Measurement of lead content in pigment samples.
29
Copper (Cu) concentration
Measurement of copper content in pigment samples.
30
Bronze chariot
Largest survived bronze object
31
Wine vessels (hu)
Bronze vessels
32
Marquis Yi of Zeng
Commissioner of the wine vessels
33
Late Zhou period
Period from 1046 BC to 256 BC
34
Warring States period
475-221 BC
35
Sacrificial vessels
Bronze vessels used for ancestor worship.
36
Inscriptions on bronzes
Often refer to owners
37
Gold and silver inlay
Decorative technique used in ornate bronze vessels.
38
Display and feasting
New roles for bronzes beyond religious rituals.
39
Tonnage of bronzes
Estimated over ten metric tons in Marquis Yi's tomb.
40
Character figures
Figures with realistic features
41
Individualization in art
Artistic focus on specific individuals
42
Portraiture
Art form representing specific individuals
43
Human self-objectification
Art reflecting human identity and individuality.
44
Han Dynasty art
Period of elaboration in representational art methods.
45
Artistic distance-keeping
Critical comparison between reality and artistic reproduction.
46
Real Portrait
Depicts a person's actual features accurately.
47
Imaginary Portrait
Suggests appearance of historical figures not depicted.
48
Ideal Portrait
Ambiguous term for portraits based on ideals.
49
Chin Dynasty
Early period of portrait development in China.
50
T'ang Dynasty
Period when portraiture was perfected in China.
51
Physiognomic Characteristics
Physical traits used for individualization in portraits.
52
Personalization
Preparation for true portraiture through individual traits.
53
Confucianism
Philosophy emphasizing humanity and individuality in society.
54
Social Function of Portraits
Serves religious and secular purposes in society.
55
Character Figures
Figures representing individuals in action and dialogue.
56
Engraved Tomb Tiles
Early examples of portraiture from the third century B.C.
57
Later Han
Period with advanced character figures in tombs.
58
Caricature
Exaggerated portrayal for satirical representation.
59
Narrative Illustration
Art depicting stories on walls of structures.
60
Ego Representation
Portrayal of self among fellow individuals.
61
Unbroken Tradition
Continuous development of character figures over centuries.
62
Regional Peculiarities
Local variations in portrait representation practices.
63
Sporadic Evidence
Limited historical records for reconstructing portrait evolution.
64
Social and Ethical System
Confucianism's framework placing man at its center.
65
Expressive Faces
Facial expressions conveying emotions in character figures.
66
Lively Interaction
Dynamic engagement depicted in narrative illustrations.
67
Historical Figures
Well-known individuals represented in imaginary portraits.
68
Tombs and Shrines
Burial sites featuring personalized art and inscriptions.
69
Koguryo Period
North Korean era known for significant mural art.
70
Han Dynasty
Chinese dynasty (206 B.C.-220 A.D.) influencing art styles.
71
Portraiture
Artistic representation of individual persons in context.
72
Biographical Scenes
Art depicting life events of the tomb owner.
73
Genre Scenes
Art illustrating everyday life and social interactions.
74
Confucian Classics
Ancient texts emphasizing moral and ethical teachings.
75
Idealizing Style
Artistic approach emphasizing beauty over realism.
76
Li-shu Script
Chinese writing style used during Han Dynasty.
77
Brushwork
Technique involving flexible brush for detailed writing.
78
Character Figures
Human figures in art representing specific individuals.
79
Marquise of Tai
First known individual portrait from second century B.C.
80
Seven Sages
Group of figures representing personal characterization in art.
81
Ku K'ai-chih
Notable portraitist from the fourth and fifth centuries.
82
Pictorial Identity
Unique visual representation of individual persons.
83
Narrative Mode
Art style focusing on storytelling through imagery.
84
Tomb Reliefs
Sculpted artworks found in burial sites.
85
Social Sphere
Context of an individual's social interactions and status.
86
Ceremonial Portraits
Formal representations adhering to social decorum.
87
Art Experimentation
Innovative approaches in art during Han rule.
88
Historical Documentation
Records providing context about individuals in art.
89
Expressiveness
Quality of conveying emotions through artistic features.
90
Anonymity in Art
Use of unnamed figures with contextual inscriptions.
91
Ku K'ai-chih
Chinese painter known for portraiture and narrative art.
92
Three Perfections
Artistic skills in painting
93
Admonitions handscroll
Illustrated text by Ku K'ai-chih
94
Nymph of the Lo River
Famous handscroll painting by Ku K'ai-chih.
95
Ch'uan-shen hsieh-chao
Definition of portraiture: spirit transmission through appearance.
96
Verisimilitude
Realism necessary to depict inner nature in portraits.
97
Pupils of the eyes
Crucial for capturing life in portraiture.
98
Skimmed white technique
Veiling pupil with ink for subtle portrayal.
99
Ambiente portrait
Portrait style showing subjects in natural surroundings.
100
Defective eye portrayal
Technique to depict imperfections sensitively in portraits.
101
Ecstatic devoutness
Characteristic expression in portraits of certain figures.
102
Chien-chen statue
Dry lacquer portrait statue from T'ang Dynasty.
103
Amoghavajra portrait
Prototype for later representations of the figure.
104
Daigoji pagoda
Location of significant wall-painting from 951.
105
Cosmopolitan T'ang China
Era known for diverse foreign visitors and influences.
106
Historical portraits
Depictions of notable figures from history.
107
Inner nature
Essence of a person captured in portraiture.
108
Narrative mode
Art style focusing on storytelling through visuals.
109
Portrait problems
Challenges faced in accurately depicting subjects.
110
Keen awareness
Artist's understanding of portraiture complexities.
111
Life or spirit
Vitality conveyed through specific artistic choices.
112
Natural surroundings
Contextual setting enhancing the subject's character.
113
Chinese patriarch type
Traditional representation contrasting with depicted figures.
114
Ceramic tomb figurines
Non-portrait sculptures depicting character types.
115
Exotic realism
Art style emphasizing diverse racial characteristics.
116
Character-figures
Stylized representations of distinct personalities.
117
Buddhist Arhats
Monks depicted with Indian names and traits.
118
Physiognomical interest
Focus on facial features and expressions.
119
Samsara realm
Cycle of birth
120
Temporal incorruptibility
Preservation of monk bodies post-meditation.
121
Mahakasyapa
Sakyamuni's disciple
122
Maitreya
Future Buddha awaited by Buddhist practitioners.
123
Nara imperial court
Cultural center in Japan during the 8th century.
124
Regent-Prince Shotoku
Japanese figure depicted unrealistically in art.
125
Realistic lifelikeness
High fidelity in depicting individual features.
126
Buddhist monks
Religious figures often portrayed in art.
127
Li-tai ming-hua chi
Historical text on Chinese art and painting.
128
Hsiao I
Liang ruler known for depicting foreign envoys.
129
Provincial governor
Local leader with administrative responsibilities.
130
Grotesque character types
Exaggerated figures with symbolic significance.
131
Ascetic austerities
Rigorous practices for spiritual discipline.
132
Grotto or chapel
Places for veneration of preserved monks.
133
Chinese vs. Japanese portraiture
Differences in realism and style across cultures.
134
T'ang culture
Period known for its artistic realism.
135
Historical Museum
Peking
136
Immortal Bodies
Monks' preserved corpses
137
Hui-neng
Sixth Ch'an Patriarch
138
Cultural Revolution
Period in China (1966-1976) of political upheaval.
139
Presence in Reality
Actual existence of a person or object.
140
Presence in an Image
Representation of a person through art.
141
Embodiment
Artistic representation that captures essence of subject.
142
Realistic Likeness
Accurate depiction of a person in art.
143
Portrait Statues
Sculptures representing individuals
144
Life-size Height
Typical height of monk statues
145
Reliquaries
Containers for sacred relics
146
T'ang Realism
Artistic style emphasizing lifelike representation.
147
Burckhardt's Formula
Concept of universal understanding in Renaissance art.
148
Formal Reserve
Cultural tendency to avoid extreme expressions.
149
Hierarchic System
Social structure based on rank and dignity.
150
Three Perfections
Integration of calligraphy
151
Picturesque Script
Writing system imitating nature
152
Calligraphic Brushwork
Artistic technique in Chinese calligraphy.
153
Bodhisattva
Enlightened being in Buddhism
154
Gandhara Art
Art style from Northern Pakistan
155
Sacred Ghats
Banks of the Ganges
156
South Asia
Region including India
157
Historical India
Includes Pakistan and Bangladesh before 1947.
158
Religious Systems
Includes Hinduism
159
Indic
Relating to ancient South Asian languages and religions.
160
Essential Reading
Key scholarly work on Hindu architecture.
161
Recommended Reading
Mitter's overview of Hindu art history.
162
Diacritical Marks
Symbols indicating pronunciation variations in transliteration.
163
Pushkar
Sacred site in Rajasthan with Brahma temple.
164
Cave Temples
6th century CE rock-cut temples in Maharashtra.
165
Nagara Style
North Indian temple architecture with curvilinear spires.
166
Dravida Style
South Indian temple architecture with stepped pyramids.
167
Multi-aedicular Structure
Temple design resembling a heavenly palace.
168
Polytheistic Religion
Belief in multiple gods and goddesses.
169
Vast Pantheon
Diverse deities
170
Iconography of Deities
Visual representation and symbols of Hindu gods.
171
Vaishnavism
Sect of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu and his avatars.
172
Vishnu's Attributes
Conch
173
Dasavatara
Vishnu's ten incarnations including Rama and Krishna.
174
Shaivism
Sect of Hinduism worshipping Shiva and his forms.
175
Shiva's Main Attribute
Trident
176
Nandi
Bull
177
Persianate
Cultural influence of Persian language and traditions.
178
Timurid
Relating to the Persianate Turco-Mongol Empire.
179
Delhi Sultanate
Indo-Islamic state established by Central Asian Turks.
180
Ghaznavid Rulers
Turkic rulers of Punjab known as ashvapatis.
181
Persianate World
Cultural sphere influenced by Persian heritage.
182
Persianate World
Cultural sphere influenced by Persian art and literature.
183
Mughal Architecture
Combines indigenous motifs with Islamic architectural forms.
184
Indo-Islamic Dynasties
Pre-Mughal rulers influencing Mughal architectural styles.
185
Delhi Sultanate
Period of Muslim rule in India
186
Khilji Dynasty
Delhi Sultanate dynasty
187
Tughluq Dynasty
Delhi Sultanate dynasty
188
Timur's Sack of Delhi
1399 invasion by Central Asian warlord Timur.
189
Sayyid Dynasty
Delhi Sultanate dynasty
190
Lodi Dynasty
Delhi Sultanate dynasty
191
Mughal Empire
Founded by Babur in 1526
192
Sur Interregnum
Period of rule by Sur dynasty
193
Qutb Complex
Architectural complex in Delhi
194
Mihrab
Prayer niche in a mosque indicating prayer direction.
195
Minbar
Pulpit in a mosque for delivering sermons.
196
Qibla Wall
Wall in a mosque oriented towards Mecca.
197
Amir Khusro
Poet who blended Persian and Indian literary traditions.
198
Chishti Order
Sufi order known for its emphasis on love and devotion.
199
Alai Darwaza
Gateway built by Alauddin Khilji
200
Kirtimukha
Hindu decorative motif representing the 'face of glory'.
201
Ghazna
Historical region in Afghanistan
202
Sarcophagus of Iltutmish
Tomb of Iltutmish
203
Paradisiacal Imagery
Artistic representations symbolizing paradise in Islamic architecture.
204
Hindavi Language
Precursor to modern Hindi and Urdu
205
Dargah
Tomb-shrine of a Sufi saint
206
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq's tomb
Tomb surrounded by a courtyard and quadrangle.
207
Nizamuddin dargah
Tomb-shrine complex of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya.
208
Hoshang Shah's tomb
Tomb of Malwa sultan
209
Jalis
Lattices used in tomb interiors for decoration.
210
Taj Mahal
Mausoleum built by Shah Jahan for Mumtaz Mahal.
211
Jama Masjid
Grand mosque in Delhi built by Shah Jahan.
212
Harmandir Sahib
Sikh temple known as 'The Golden Temple'.
213
Mughal Art
Art influenced by Persian and Indian aesthetics.
214
Yashaswini Chandra
Scholar on Mughal art and female patronage.
215
Akbarnama
Chronicle of Akbar's reign
216
Great Mughals
Lineage of Mughal emperors from Genghis Khan and Timur.
217
Babur
Founder of the Mughal Empire
218
Nur Jahan
Chief consort of Jahangir
219
Itimadud Daulah's tomb
Tomb built by Nur Jahan in Agra
220
Charbagh
Indo-Persianate four-square garden design.
221
Caravanserai
Inn for travelers along the Grand Trunk Road.
222
Nur Mahal
Palace built by Nur Jahan near Jalandhar.
223
Foundation inscription
Describes Nur Jahan as Jahangir's trusted companion.
224
Sebastian Manrique
Portuguese friar who noted Mughal architecture's piety.
225
Francisco Pelsaert
Dutch traveler who praised Nur Jahan's constructions.
226
Mumtaz Mahal
Wife of Shah Jahan
227
Chattris
Domed open kiosks commonly found in Mughal architecture.
228
Sarcophagi
Tomb structures that contain the remains of the deceased.
229
Inlay work
Decorative technique using materials like marble and gemstones.
230
Caravanserai
A roadside inn for travelers
231
Nur Mahal
Caravanserai built by Nur Jahan
232
Hammam
A public bathhouse
233
Mughal Painting
Small-format artworks
234
Indo-Persian Style
Art style blending Indian and Persian influences.
235
Jahangir
Mughal emperor known for patronage of painting.
236
Bishandas
Artist of 'Nur Jahan Holding a Portrait of Jahangir'.
237
Amateur Women Artists
Women involved in art
238
Bichitr
Artist of 'Mughal Sufi Shaikh' painting.
239
Nur Jahan Holding a Musket
Painting by Abul Hasan
240
Mughal Prince Murad
Subject of painting attributed to Manohar
241
Dara Shikoh
Mughal prince depicted with his consort in art.
242
Nadira Banu Begum
Consort of Dara Shikoh
243
Mughal Princesses Hunting
Painting depicting two princesses hunting game birds.
244
Mughal Gold Coin
Coin issued in Nur Jahan's name
245
Red Fort
Built by Shah Jahan
246
Jahangir's Tomb
Located in Lahore
247
Nur Jahan's Tomb
Located in Lahore
248
Mumtaz Mahal
Wife of Shah Jahan
249
Miniature Paintings
Artworks characterized by detailed small formats.
250
Late European Influence
Impact of 16th-century European naturalism on Mughal art.
