Week 3+4 Flashcards
1
Q
Buddhism
A
Religion originating in Nepal
2
Q
Queen Maya
A
Buddha’s mother
3
Q
Immaculate Conception
A
Buddha’s birth not through vaginal means.
4
Q
Buddha’s Birth
A
Buddha born from the thigh
5
Q
Seven Steps
A
Buddha takes seven steps at birth
6
Q
Dragon Bath
A
Ritual involving dragons
7
Q
Buddha’s First Bath
A
Celebrated on April 8
8
Q
Hokusai
A
Artist known for ‘Storm below Fuji’ woodblock print.
9
Q
Hiroshige
A
Artist known for ‘Plum Blossoms’ woodblock prints.
10
Q
Karma
A
Law of cause and effect in Buddhist belief.
11
Q
Bodhgaya
A
Location where Buddha attained enlightenment under Bodhi tree.
12
Q
Four Noble Truths
A
Core principles outlining suffering and its cessation.
13
Q
Noble Eightfold Path
A
Guidelines for ethical and mental development in Buddhism.
14
Q
Icon
A
Anthropomorphic representation of a deity for rituals.
15
Q
Iconography
A
Standardized representation of archetypal characteristics.
16
Q
Style
A
Visual manner of depicting iconography.
17
Q
Expanded Cranium
A
Physical characteristic indicating Buddha’s enlightened state.
18
Q
Minamoto no Yoritomo
A
Founder of the Kamakura shogunate in Japan.
19
Q
Hungry Ghost
A
Buddhist concept representing beings suffering from desire.
20
Q
Kusozu
A
Graphic depiction of corpse decay in Japanese art.
21
Q
Rituals
A
Practices in Buddhism for various spiritual purposes.
22
Q
Cosmological Solution
A
Buddhism’s approach to understanding the universe.
23
Q
Spiritual Breakthrough
A
Achieved through ascetic practices and enlightenment.
24
Q
Death and Grief Rituals
A
Buddhist practices addressing loss and mourning.
25
Compassionate Person
Buddha's realization of universal suffering through his journeys.
26
Kusozu
Painting depicting nine stages of a decaying corpse.
27
Nine stages
Systematic meditation on corpse decay in Buddhism.
28
Kusokan
Contemplation on the nine stages of decay.
29
Buddhist doctrine
Teachings promoting meditation on decay's impurity.
30
Thirteenth to nineteenth centuries
Period when kusozu paintings were created in Japan.
31
Formats of kusozu
Includes handscrolls
32
Pietistic catharsis
Emotional release through religious meditation practices.
33
Didactic incentive
Motivation for pursuing paradise through teachings.
34
Intercessory offering
Rituals for the dead during merit transferal rites.
35
Feminine morality
Political themes in popularized kusozu interpretations.
36
Sutra on the Samadhi Contemplation
Early text introducing nine stages meditation.
37
Discourse on the Great Wisdom
Text detailing decay stages for meditation.
38
Contemplation on impurity
Meditative practice overcoming enlightenment hindrances.
39
Types of lust
Different forms of desire addressed in teachings.
40
Canonical sequence
Order of decay stages in Buddhist texts.
41
Distension
First stage of decay: swelling of the body.
42
Rupture
Second stage: breaking of bodily tissues.
43
Exudation of blood
Third stage: blood oozing from the body.
44
Putrefaction
Fourth stage: decomposition and decay of flesh.
45
Discoloration and desiccation
Fifth stage: color change and drying of remains.
46
Consumption by animals
Sixth stage: remains eaten by scavengers.
47
Dismemberment
Seventh stage: body parts separated.
48
Bones
Eighth stage: skeletal remains visible.
49
Parched to dust
Ninth stage: complete decomposition into dust.
50
Kusokanshi
Japanese term for contemplative decay poems.
51
Kukai
Japanese monk who introduced esoteric Buddhism.
52
Su Tongpo
Northern Song poet and scholar-bureaucrat.
53
Nine stages
Stages of decay detailed in the poems.
54
Shingon school
Buddhist school founded by Kukai.
55
Waka poetry
Verse form with thirty-one syllables.
56
Edo period
Japanese historical period from 1603 to 1867.
57
Handscroll
Illustrated scroll format for displaying art.
58
Woodblock printing
Technique for printing images on paper.
59
Preface
Introductory section of the poems.
60
Five-character verses
Verse format used in Kukai's poem.
61
Seven-character verses
Verse format used in Su Tongpo's poem.
62
Contemplation practice
Meditative focus on decay for spiritual insight.
63
Kankyo no tomo
Medieval tale describing monk's contemplation.
64
Mount Hiei
Headquarters of the Tendai school.
65
Rendaino
Region known for its cemeteries.
66
Discourse on the Great Annotations
Sutra outlining decay contemplation methods.
67
Genpin
Monk who curbed desires through decay contemplation.
68
A Collection of Religious Awakenings
Literary work by Kamo no Chomei.
69
Corporeal decay
Physical decomposition observed in contemplation.
70
Cemetery exposure
Corpses left visible before widespread interment.
71
1527 handscroll
Oldest illustrated scroll with Su Tongpo poem.
72
1380 woodblock inclusion
Su Tongpo poem printed in books.
73
Sutra translation
Xuanzang's translation of Abhidharma text.
74
Genpin
A monk who achieved enlightenment through decay contemplation.
75
Sensual Desires
Transitory cravings for physical pleasure and beauty.
76
Contemplation
Deep reflection on decay to overcome desires.
77
Decaying Corpse
Visual aid for meditation on impermanence.
78
Monastic Practice
Valued discipline focused on spiritual development.
79
Mental Image
Visualization of decay without physical corpse.
80
Nine Stages
Sequential phases of a corpse's decomposition.
81
Kusoshi emaki
Illustrated handscroll depicting nine decay stages.
82
Nakamura Collection
Private collection housing the earliest decay images.
83
Aristocratic Attire
Clothing style indicating high social status.
84
Cathartic Value
Emotional release through confronting mortality.
85
Zhiyi
Chinese monk who commented on the Lotus Sutra.
86
Lotus Sutra
Key Buddhist text emphasizing meditation practices.
87
Baoji
Chinese poet who wrote about decay contemplation.
88
Tang Dynasty
Period in China from 618 to 907 AD.
89
Illustrated Handscroll
Art form combining narrative and visual elements.
90
Tatami Mat
Traditional Japanese flooring used in homes.
91
Voluptuous Figure
Curvy body shape emphasizing sensuality.
92
Putrefaction
Stage of decay involving decomposition and odor.
93
Desiccation
Drying out process in corpse decay.
94
Disjointing
Final stage where bones separate post-decomposition.
95
Visual Aid
Image used to enhance meditation practices.
96
Pictorial Images
Paintings accompanying meditative practices in Buddhism.
97
Illustrated Handscroll
14th-century artwork depicting decay stages.
98
Nakamura Collection
Collection housing the handscroll in Kanagawa.
99
Stages of Decay
Nine distinct phases of corpse decomposition.
100
Newly Deceased
First stage; body just after death.
101
Distension
Second stage; body swelling due to gases.
102
Rupture
Third stage; skin integrity breaks down.
103
Exudation of Blood
Fourth stage; blood leaks from the body.
104
Putrefaction
Fifth stage; decomposition due to bacteria.
105
Discoloration and Desiccation
Sixth stage; skin color changes and dries.
106
Consumption by Birds and Animals
Seventh stage; scavengers eat the corpse.
107
Skeleton
Eighth stage; only bones remain visible.
108
Disjointing
Ninth stage; bones separated from each other.
109
Realism in Illustrations
Highly detailed depictions of decay processes.
110
Dimensions of Scroll
125/8 by 193/4 inches (32 by 50 cm).
111
Anatomical Precision
Accurate representation of body structures.
112
Predeath Portrait
Stage zero; image before the person died.
113
Discourse on Mahayana Meditation
Text describing stages of decay in Buddhism.
114
Discourse on the Great Wisdom
Another Buddhist text with decay descriptions.
115
Zhiyi
Author of Shakuzen haramitsu shidai homon.
116
Dismemberment Stage
Omitted in Nakamura version; differs from texts.
117
Whole Skeleton
Stage depicting complete skeletal structure.
118
Disjointed Bones
Stage showing bones separated in different places.
119
Meditation Stages
Different contemplations on skeletal forms.
120
Predeath portrait
Artwork depicting aristocrat before death
121
Sutra of the Secrets
Oldest zen meditation manual
122
Sutra of the Essentials
Early zen meditation text
123
Zen meditation
Practice focusing on objects for inner bliss.
124
Contemplation on decay
Meditation method focusing on decaying bodies.
125
Toyuk Caves
Location of murals depicting zen practices in China.
126
Mural paintings
Artworks illustrating monks meditating on skeletons.
127
Discourse on Mahayana Meditation
Text detailing stages of meditation on bones.
128
Skeletal bones stages
Two types: pink (fleshy) and white (pure).
129
Contemplation levels
Two stages: lower and upper levels of meditation.
130
Lower level contemplation
Focus on all stages up to parched bones.
131
Upper level contemplation
Ends before bones turn to dust.
132
Arhatship
State of liberation in Buddhist practice.
133
Transcendental meditation
Achieving higher states of consciousness through practice.
134
Inner bliss
Ultimate goal of zen meditation practice.
135
Nine stages of decay
Sequence of meditative focus on body decomposition.
136
Meditation manuals
Texts providing instructions for zen meditation.
137
Kukai
Buddhist figure associated with poetry on decay.
138
Sutras
Buddhist scriptures outlining meditation practices.
139
Contemplation significance
Emphasis on whole skeleton in meditation.
140
Phenomenal reality
Aspect of existence observed during meditation.
141
Suffering curtailment
Goal of lower level meditation practice.
142
Transcendental faculty
Ability to reach higher meditative states.
143
Nakamura version
A scroll emphasizing upper contemplation stages.
144
Disjointed bones
Stage representing a fragmented physical state.
145
Kusoshi emaki
Illustrated handscroll of decaying corpse stages.
146
Su Tongpo poem
Poem illustrating nine stages of decay.
147
Ascetic practices
Meditative techniques to overcome sensual desires.
148
Transcendental state
Achieved through deep meditation and contemplation.
149
Tosa Mitsunobu
Artist active from 1469 to 1523.
150
Jakkoin
Subsidiary temple of Enryakuji on Mount Hiei.
151
Tendai school
Buddhist school emphasizing zen contemplative practice.
152
Mirror of the Eastern Court
Historical chronicle documenting cultural events.
153
Ono no Komachi
Ninth-century poet associated with beauty and decay.
154
Flourish and Decay painting
Depiction of Ono no Komachi's life stages.
155
Zen sect
Buddhist sect focusing on meditation practices.
156
Muso Soseki
Prominent Zen monk from 1275 to 1351.
157
Five Mountains
Primary Zen temples in Kyoto.
158
Kukai and Su Tongpo versions
Apocryphal poems on nine decay stages.
159
Skeletal bones contemplation
Essential practice in Zen meditation texts.
160
Pure Land Buddhism
Belief system introduced to Japan by Tendai.
161
Graphic depiction
Visual representation of decay stages.
162
Historical evidence
Documentation supporting claims about art and practices.
163
Scroll's blank space
Indicates an additional stage in contemplation.
164
Zen monastic community
Group practicing meditation within Zen Buddhism.
165
Medieval Japan
Period when the nine stages spread beyond sects.
166
Genshin
Tendai monk who promoted Pure Land Buddhism.
167
Essentials of Salvation
Genshin's work on Pure Land faith.
168
Pure Land faith
Belief in rebirth in Amida Buddha's realm.
169
Six Realms of Reincarnation
Six states of existence after death.
170
Reincarnation
Cycle of rebirth in different realms.
171
Western Pure Land
Otherworldly realm of Amida Buddha.
172
Contemplation on horror
Practice to understand suffering in existence.
173
Shoju Raigoji
Tendai temple housing significant Pure Land art.
174
Painting of the Nine Stages
Depicts decay stages of a female corpse.
175
Raigoji version
Specific depiction of the nine stages painting.
176
Corporeal impurity
Suffering related to physical existence.
177
Nine stages of decay
Stages illustrating human corpse decomposition.
178
Distension
First stage of decay after death.
179
Dismemberment
Stage where body parts are separated.
180
Bones
Final stage of decay
181
Tendai school
Buddhist sect associated with Genshin's teachings.
182
Painting of the Impure Aspect
Illustrates corporeal impurity in human existence.
183
Discourse on Mahayana Meditation
Influential text on meditation practices.
184
Visual agency
Power of images to convey spiritual messages.
185
Nakamura version
Earlier interpretation of the nine stages theme.
186
Horrifying aspects
Elements of suffering depicted in Pure Land art.
187
Fading over time
Deterioration of the painting's visual details.
188
Second Stage
Initial rupturing of the corpse begins.
189
Third Stage
Exuding blood
190
Fifth Stage
Corpse appears as 'wax melted by fire'.
191
Sixth Stage
Desiccated corpse turns bluish black.
192
Seventh Stage
Consumption by birds
193
Raigoji Version
Illustrates nine stages of decaying female corpse.
194
Voyeuristic Sensationalism
Shocking portrayal of decay process in art.
195
Discourse on Mahayana Meditation
Influential text on decay and meditation.
196
Impure Aspect
Human body filled with impurity and odor.
197
Genshin's Essentials of Salvation
Text summarizing human defilement and decay.
198
Decomposition Process
Step-by-step contemplation of human decay stages.
199
Devotional Purpose
Art inspires faith in Amida through decay.
200
Yamato-e Style
Traditional Japanese painting style with soft contours.
201
Hilly Terrain
Landscape feature in Raigoji version painting.
202
Dark Ocher
Main color tone conveying gloomy atmosphere.
203
Malachite Green
Occasional color used in landscape depiction.
204
Transmigration Realms
Six realms representing human suffering and evils.
205
Sketchy Brushstrokes
Cartoonlike quality in fourth and fifth stages.
206
Bluish Black Skin
Color change due to exposure to elements.
207
Swollen Body
Occurs after one to seven days post-death.
208
Attachment to Affections
Strong emotional ties before recognizing decay.
209
Foulness of Human Existence
Theme in Raigoji version to inspire faith.
210
Gloomy Atmosphere
Conveys violence
211
Dark Ocher
Color representing barren ground in Raigoji version.
212
Solitary Corpse
Symbolizes man's transitory existence in the painting.
213
Seasonal Trees
Cherry
214
Cherry Tree
Symbolizes spring
215
Pine Tree
Represents summer
216
Maple Tree
Symbolizes autumn
217
Stages of Decomposition
Four stages depicted through the corpse's condition.
218
Su Tongpo's Poem
Inspires landscapes in the Raigoji painting.
219
Desolate Landscape
Barren hills and ocher ground in the painting.
220
Distension Stage
Second stage where corpse's appearance changes significantly.
221
Transitory Existence
Theme of impermanence highlighted in the artwork.
222
Barren Field
Setting for the corpse
223
Grave Marker
Placed beside the corpse in the fourth stage.
224
Autumn Imagery
Related terms in the poem signify decay and change.
225
Mujo
Japanese term for the transitory nature of life.
226
Poetic Correspondence
Alignment between poem's verses and painting's imagery.
227
Corpse's Appearance
Described as fading and discolored in the poem.
228
Ruptured Corpse
Third stage showing significant decay and deterioration.
229
Desolation Theme
Recurring motif in both painting and poem.
230
Seasonal Change
Symbolizes the passage of time in the artwork.
231
Buddhist Sutras
Lack landscape descriptions
232
Fifth Stage
Depicted with maple tree
233
Corpses Intermingling
Mentioned in the poem
234
Transience
Concept from Buddhism regarding temporary existence.
235
Impermanence
Philosophical idea of constant change in life.
236
Su Tongpo poem
Literary work reflecting themes of decay and impermanence.
237
Raigoji version
Artistic representation of decay in Buddhist context.
238
Nine stages of a decaying corpse
Visual depiction illustrating human mortality and impurity.
239
Six realms of reincarnation
Buddhist belief in cycles of rebirth across realms.
240
Essentials of Salvation
Text promoting Pure Land Buddhist beliefs by Genshin.
241
Genshin
Tendai monk who emphasized Pure Land Buddhism.
242
Pure Land
Buddhist paradise representing ultimate bliss and salvation.
243
Enma Hall
Temple hall dedicated to the lord of the dead.
244
Senyomon'in
Commissioner of significant Buddhist temple artworks.
245
Daigoji
Temple housing important Buddhist art and teachings.
246
Amida Hall
Structure symbolizing yearning for Pure Land paradise.
247
Etoki
Method of explaining religious beliefs through pictures.
248
Umbon
Annual ritual for delivering ancestral spirits from suffering.
249
Rokudoe soryaku engi
Script explaining doctrines of the six realms.
250
Public edification
Teaching aimed at educating the general public.
251
Visual agents
Artworks used to convey religious messages effectively.
252
Murals
Wall paintings depicting the nine stages of decay.
253
Restoration dates
Records indicating maintenance of artworks over centuries.
254
Didactic context
Educational setting for teaching through visual means.
255
Buddha Amida
Central figure in Pure Land Buddhist belief.
256
Pathos
Emotional appeal in the Su Tongpo poem.
257
Nine Stages of Decay
A Buddhist meditation on human impermanence.
258
Pious Contemplation
Spiritual reflection to overcome sensual desires.
259
Cathartic Function
Emotional cleansing through confronting decay imagery.
260
Nakamura Version
Depicts beauty contrasting with decay for meditation.
261
Discourse on Mahayana Meditation
Text discussing meditation's role in overcoming desires.
262
Sensual Desire
Attachment to physical beauty causing spiritual distraction.
263
Transience
Impermanence of life
264
Raigoji Version
Artistic representation linking beauty and transience.
265
Flourish and Decay
Theme illustrating life's fleeting nature and beauty.
266
Ono no Komachi
Legendary poet symbolizing beauty and tragic love.
267
Mirror of the Eastern Court
Historical chronicle referencing art and cultural themes.
268
Five Obstacles to Enlightenment
Barriers hindering spiritual progress in Buddhism.
269
Three Kinds of Required Obedience
Duties to family affecting women's spiritual paths.
270
Didactic Impact
Teaching purpose behind integrating beauty and decay.
271
Buddhist Doctrine
Philosophical teachings guiding meditation practices.
272
Anonymity of Corpse
Decaying figure represents universal beauty
273
Noh Plays
Theatrical performances depicting themes of beauty and decay.
274
Edo Period Misidentification
Incorrectly associating corpses with specific historical figures.
275
Polygamous Society
Cultural context influencing women's tragic narratives.
276
Elegant Woman's Delusion
Beauty obscuring the reality of decay and death.
277
Cultural Competition
Artistic displays reflecting societal values and themes.
278
Buddhist Devotional Image
Art intended for spiritual reflection and meditation.
279
Historical Misinterpretation
Errors in identifying figures in Buddhist art.
280
Raigoji version
A painting depicting a decaying female corpse.
281
Empress Danrin
Wife of Emperor Saga
282
Empress Komyo
Another beautiful empress linked to the Raigoji version.
283
Nine stages
Artistic representation of corpse decay processes.
284
Pure Land Buddhism
Buddhist sect promising salvation for women.
285
Larger Sutra
Key text supporting women's salvation in Buddhism.
286
Honen
Influential figure in Pure Land Buddhism
287
Public exposure of corpses
Cultural practice aimed at awakening sentient beings.
288
Historical misrepresentation
Connecting corpses to legendary figures without evidence.
289
Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
Peak period for associating corpses with beauty.
290
Defilement beliefs
Medieval Japanese views on purity and death.
291
Contagious defilement
Belief that corpses spread impurity to others.
292
Cultural identity
Desire to connect women to historical figures.
293
Public instruction
Raigoji version aimed at educating both genders.
294
Gender inclusivity
Shift in Buddhist teachings allowing women's salvation.
295
Decay process
Transformation of corpses into white bones over time.
296
Market crowds
Public gatherings to view the empresses' corpses.
297
Buddhist Law
Concept of moral and spiritual teachings in Buddhism.
298
Cultural taboos
Social restrictions regarding death and corpses.
299
Theological foundation
New beliefs enabling acceptance of corpse imagery.
300
Literary genre
Writings promoting ideal female life in history.
301
Nakamura version
Earlier Buddhist art version targeting male audiences.
302
Public perception
Attitudes towards corpses shaped by religious beliefs.
303
Pure Land Buddhism
A sect allowing lay devotion to Buddha Amida.
304
Nenbutsu
Practice of thinking of the Buddha for salvation.
305
Salvation
Rebirth assurance in the Western Pure Land.
306
Nine Stages of Decaying Corpse
Illustration depicting stages of human decomposition.
307
Dainenbutsuji
Head temple of the Yuzu Nenbutsu school.
308
Ryonin
Founder of the Yuzu Nenbutsu school (1072-1132).
309
Illustrated Handscroll
Artistic representation of the nine decay stages.
310
Su Tongpo
Poet associated with the nine stages handscroll.
311
Waka
Japanese poetry form inscribed alongside Chinese characters.
312
Graphological Analysis
Study of handwriting to identify authorship.
313
Johoji Kojo
Renowned calligrapher of the nine stages scroll.
314
Kano Motonobu
Attributed painter of the Dainenbutsuji version.
315
Crescent Moon
Symbolic imagery in the Dainenbutsuji painting.
316
Autumn Grasses
Decorative element in the Dainenbutsuji handscroll.
317
Calligraphy
Art of beautiful handwriting used in scrolls.
318
Gilt Decorations
Gold embellishments enhancing the scroll's visual appeal.
319
Cultural Context
Influence of society on the depiction of decay.
320
Religious Context
Spiritual significance of death in Pure Land Buddhism.
321
Decaying Corpse
Subject matter reflecting Buddhist views on mortality.
322
Affluent Patron
Wealthy individual likely commissioned the Dainenbutsuji work.
323
Nineteenth Century
Period when later images of decay were produced.
324
Aristocratic Monk
High-ranking religious figure
325
Shinshiso
Stage of being newly deceased.
326
Hochoso
Stage of distension in decay.
327
Ketsuzuso
Stage of blood exudation.
328
Horanso
Stage of putrefaction.
329
Seioso
Stage of discoloration and desiccation.
330
Shokutanso
Stage of consumption by animals.
331
Hakkotsurenso
Stage showing the whole skeleton.
332
Hakltotsusanso
Stage of disjointing skeleton.
333
Jokeso
Final stage
334
Su Tongpo
Poet associated with the decay poem.
335
Dainenbutsuji
Version of the decay stages with visual elements.
336
Yamato-e
Japanese painting style with soft landscapes.
337
Suyari gasumi
Fog technique unifying scenes over time.
338
Waka
Japanese poem often accompanying visual art.
339
Relics
Sacred objects contained in stupas.
340
Stupas
Containers for relics or sacred objects.
341
Corpse depiction
Lacks anatomical precision in artistic representation.
342
Seasonal motifs
Landscapes reflecting changing seasons in stages.
343
Pathos of transience
Theme of impermanence in decay.
344
Cleveland Museum of Art
Location of Yuzu Nenbutsu handscroll.
345
14th century
Time period of Yuzu Nenbutsu Engi.
346
Visual correspondence
Relationship between images and accompanying poems.
347
Graveyard landscapes
Settings depicting the decay process.
348
Whittemore Fund
Funding source for art preservation and study.
349
Nine stages of decay
Illustrations depicting stages of a decaying corpse.
350
Dainenbutsuji version
Sanitized illustrations contrasting grotesque decay.
351
Yuzu Nenbutsu school
Buddhist school emphasizing synergistic faith practices.
352
Synergism
Union of different substances for spiritual perfection.
353
Ryonin
Founder of the Yuzu Nenbutsu school.
354
Nenbutsu
Chanting practice aimed at rebirth in Pure Land.
355
Mass thaumaturgie practice
Collective chanting for enhanced spiritual effect.
356
Yuzu nenbutsu engi emaki
Illustrated handscrolls narrating Yuzu Nenbutsu legends.
357
Illustrated Handscrolls
Visual narratives depicting religious teachings and events.
358
Fourteenth to fifteenth centuries
Period when most Yuzu emaki versions were produced.
359
Religious duties of yuzu nenbutsu
Offering oblations to itinerant monks preaching beliefs.
360
Nonsectarian practice
Inclusivity of all Buddhists in yuzu nenbutsu.
361
Missionary scheme
Outreach strategy using illustrated handscrolls for donations.
362
Ashikaga military government
Period of reduced financial support for Buddhist temples.
363
Spiritual practice merit
Individual actions benefit the collective community.
364
Visual aids
Tools for teaching and legitimizing spiritual beliefs.
365
Miraculous events
Significant occurrences in Ryonin's life and teachings.
366
Oblations
Offerings made to monks for spiritual merit.
367
Cultural significance
Importance of Yuzu emaki in Japanese art history.
368
Collective contributions
Donations gathered from broader society for support.
369
Historical transformation
Changes in imagery and function from 1300 to 1527.
370
Graphic impact
Strong visual effect of decay illustrations.
371
Yuzu nenbutsu
Buddhist practice for salvation through nenbutsu.
372
Nenbutsu
Recitation of Amida Buddha's name for salvation.
373
Yuzu emaki
Handscrolls depicting yuzu nenbutsu teachings.
374
Miracles
Supernatural events attributed to yuzu nenbutsu practice.
375
Amida
Buddha associated with Western Pure Land salvation.
376
Bishamonten
Buddhist deity protecting practitioners
377
Itinerant priests
Traveling monks promoting nenbutsu and soliciting donations.
378
Meritorious acts
Good deeds performed for spiritual benefits.
379
Memorial rites
Ceremonies honoring deceased individuals for their salvation.
380
Karma
The principle of cause and effect in Buddhism.
381
Salvation
Deliverance from suffering and rebirth in Buddhism.
382
Phenomenal power
Miraculous capability of nenbutsu to affect lives.
383
Western Pure Land
Buddhist paradise where souls can attain enlightenment.
384
Sanjonishi Sanetaka
Monk who documented activities of itinerant priests.
385
Merit transfer
Transference of spiritual benefits to deceased individuals.
386
Dainenbutsuji
Headquarters of the Yuzu Nenbutsu school.
387
Minomori Sukekage
Military governor who commissioned a Yuzu emaki.
388
Ashikaga Yoshinao
Shogun who copied Yuzu emaki for deceased kin.
389
Devotees
Followers of yuzu nenbutsu seeking spiritual benefits.
390
Financial support
Monetary contributions from devotees to temples.
391
Record keeping
Documentation of devotees' names for merit purposes.
392
Spiritual efficacy
Effectiveness of practices in achieving spiritual goals.
393
Laity
Non-clerical members of the Buddhist community.
394
Reincarnation
Cycle of rebirth in various realms.
395
Human Realm
One of six realms in reincarnation.
396
Stupas
Buddhist structures for memorializing the deceased.
397
Nenbutsu
Prayers offered for the salvation of the dead.
398
Karmic Effect
Consequences of actions influencing future rebirths.
399
Memorial Service
Rituals conducted to honor and save the deceased.
400
Corporeal Decay
Physical deterioration of the human body over time.
401
Edo Period
Timeframe in Japan from 1603 to 1868.
402
Woodblock-Printed Books
Books produced using carved wooden blocks for printing.
403
Kokusho Somokuroku
General index of surviving Japanese books.
404
Kusoshi Genkai
Text offering explanations of the nine stages.
405
Kusoshi Esho
Illustrated version of poems on decaying corpses.
406
San'unshi
Monk who authored Kusoshi Genkai in 1694.
407
Su Tongpo
Poet whose verses accompany the nine stages.
408
Yuzu Nenbutsu
Practice of collective prayer for the deceased.
409
Akagi Bunko Collection
Collection housing significant Edo woodblock-printed books.
410
Fig. 15
Illustration of aristocrat mourning at stupas.
411
Fig. 16a-i
Akagi version of Kusoshi with humorous illustrations.
412
Bunka 7
Year 1810 in the Japanese calendar.
413
Genroku 7
Year 1694 in the Japanese calendar.
414
Memorializing
Act of honoring and remembering the deceased.
415
Illustrated Handscroll
Long
416
Impure State of Flesh
Concept emphasizing human body's decay and suffering.
417
Kusoshi
Focuses on poetry over images in literature.
418
Akagi version
Distinct edition of Kusoshi with unique features.
419
Edo period
Timeframe of Japanese history from 1603 to 1868.
420
Su Tongpo poem
Central poem referenced in Kusoshi's structure.
421
Nine stages
Stages of decomposition depicted in Kusoshi illustrations.
422
Shinshiso
First stage: newly deceased in decomposition.
423
Hochoso
Second stage: distension of the body.
424
Ketsutoso
Third stage: exudation of blood occurs.
425
Horanso
Fourth stage: putrefaction begins.
426
Tanshokuso
Fifth stage: consumption by animals and birds.
427
Seioso
Sixth stage: discoloration and desiccation of remains.
428
Hakkotsu renso
Seventh stage: whole skeleton remains visible.
429
Kotsusanso
Eighth stage: disjointing of skeletal structure.
430
Kofunso
Ninth stage: formation of tumulus.
431
Dainenbutsuji version
Alternative version with different stage order.
432
Kana booklets
Literary genre featuring popular novels in kana.
433
Kana syllabary
Phonetic writing system used in Japanese.
434
Woodblock printing
Technique allowing mass production of texts.
435
Didactic literature
Educational texts aimed at teaching readers.
436
Otogi zoshi
Precursor to kana booklets
437
Illustrations
Visuals that complement and enhance textual understanding.
438
Literacy increase
Rise in reading ability during Edo period.
439
Cursive characters
Stylized writing used in waka verses.
440
Glossed characters
Chinese characters explained with kana for clarity.
441
Akagi version
Illustration series depicting decay stages in Edo period.
442
Su Tongpo
Chinese poet referenced in Akagi illustrations.
443
Waka poems
Japanese poetry influencing Akagi illustrations.
444
Chotan
Morning sun depicted in sixth stage illustration.
445
Corpse
Main subject of decay in Akagi illustrations.
446
Cattail (obana)
Plant included in eighth stage illustration.
447
Decomposed head
Element from Su Tongpo in eighth stage.
448
Wooden coffin
Second stage shows coffin exploded by corpse.
449
Grotesque
Absence of grotesque elements in Akagi version.
450
Humorous response
Intent behind the depiction of bloated corpse.
451
Scarecrow
Replaced corpse in fifth stage for humor.
452
Kana-booklet genre
Targeted moral education for women in Edo period.
453
Feminine morality
Focus of instructional texts for women.
454
Confucian teachings
Influence on women's education in the seventeenth century.
455
Turn Nuns
Didactic work by Suzuki Shosan
456
Seven Nuns
Another didactic work
457
Tale in Ogura
Story highlighting transitory nature of existence.
458
Transience
Key Buddhist concept in female enlightenment stories.
459
Two Nuns
Story using decay stages for female character's enlightenment.
460
Decaying corpse
Central theme in Akagi's nine stages.
461
Instructional texts
Guides for proper conduct and etiquette for women.
462
Buddhist teachings
Foundation for moral education in Edo period.
463
Life-changing experience
Protagonist's transformation in Two Nuns story.
464
Tincorpse
A corpse thrown into a field without burial.
465
Mendicant
A person who renounces worldly possessions for spirituality.
466
Enlightenment
A state of spiritual awakening and understanding.
467
Two Nuns
A narrative emphasizing women's enlightenment in Buddhism.
468
Nine Stages
Crucial experiences leading to enlightenment for women.
469
Edo Period
Era in Japan marked by strict social hierarchies.
470
Moral Instructions
Guidelines promoting ideal behavior for women.
471
Five Obstacles
Barriers women face in attaining salvation.
472
Three Obediences
Expectations for women to submit to male authority.
473
Ojoden
Stories of rebirth in the Pure Land.
474
Shibyaku Ojoden
Seventeenth-century story emphasizing women's moral attributes.
475
Kinsei Ojoden
Modern stories highlighting women's need for virtue.
476
Suzuki Shosan
Zen monk teaching moral precepts to women.
477
Nenbutsu
Buddhist practice of chanting the name of Amida.
478
Human Transience
Buddhist concept of the impermanence of life.
479
Kusozu
Painting depicting the nine stages of decay.
480
Visual Sensationalism
Artistic focus on shocking imagery of decay.
481
Cultural Consciousness
Shared beliefs and values within a society.
482
Religious Dialogues
Conversations aimed at spiritual understanding and growth.
483
Filial Piety
Respect and duty towards one's parents.
484
Patriarchy
A social system where men hold primary power.
485
Buddhist Sutras
Sacred texts containing teachings of Buddhism.
486
Decaying Corpse
Visual representation of physical decay in art.
487
Social Harmony
Goal of maintaining peace and order in society.
488
Transformative Functionality
The ability of art to convey changing meanings.
489
Woodcut Printing
Technique for producing images using carved wood.
