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KNPE 400 > Week 9 and 10 Ethical Foundations > Flashcards

Week 9 and 10 Ethical Foundations Flashcards

1
Q

What is ethics

A

Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do

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2
Q

What are morals/morality

A

A sense of right and wrong

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3
Q

What is related to values, duty and character

A

Morals

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4
Q

What are ethics

A

A systematic study of and a reflection on morality

A system of moral beliefs that deals with the concepts of right and wrong

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5
Q

What are the three types of morality?

A

1)Personal
2)Group
3)Social

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6
Q

What is personal morality

A

The values and principles individuals personally live by and believe to be morally right and sound

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7
Q

What is Group Morality

A

The values that are adopted as part of a self-selected subgroup

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8
Q

What is societal morality

A

What our society approves of being right and acceptable

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9
Q

What six things influence our personal ethics and morals

A

1)Personal/spiritual/religious values
2)Authority Figures
3)Family
4)Cultures
5)Societal Norms
6)Personal Experiences

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10
Q

Teleological Theory

A

-Focus is on the effect, the consequences, the end result

-Minimizing adverse consequences while bringing about the greatest good

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11
Q

The ends justify the means would be what ethical theory

A

Teleological Theory

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12
Q

Difference between ethics and foundational constructs

A

ETHICS: Concerned about the outcome of a decision and will be less inclined to follow rules if I am not happy with outcome

CONSTRUCTS: Rules are fair and equitable resolution of any problem, regardless of result

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13
Q

Deontological Theory

A

Focus is on the rules without particular concern for the consequences.

Forms the basis for religious commandments and edicts, prof. codes of conduct and societal laws

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14
Q

Don’t Lie. Don’t Steal. Don’t Cheat would be a example of what ethical theory

A

Deontological theory

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15
Q

What are biomedical ethics?

A

A field of study and prof. practice interested in ethical issues related to health

The field grows with advances in med. tech.

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16
Q

What are Health care ethics unique? x3

A

1) Patients are injured and in pain and are, therefore, more VULNERABLE to exploitation

2)Delivery of health care to patients is often necessary on a emergency basis

3)Consequences of bad decisions have the potential to be life-altering or to result in dire consequences

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17
Q

6 Ethical Principles

A

1)Autonomy
2)Beneficence
3)Non-malefience
4)Justice
5)Fidelity
6)Veracity

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18
Q

What is autonomy

A

-Self-determination that is free from controlling interferences by others and personal limitation preventing meaningful choice (inadequate understanding or faulty reasoning)

-Self governance or to function independently

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19
Q

What is Beneficience

A

Patient care is in the best interests of the patient
-do only good

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20
Q

What is Non-Maleficence

A

Providing care without doing harm by omission or commission
-Do no harm

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21
Q

What is justice

A

Fairness

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22
Q

What are the 2 types of justice

A

1)Distributive
2)Comparative

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23
Q

What is distributive justice

A

How equitably are health care services distributed at the societal level

-Are resources equally available to people?
-Are certain diseases such as cancer, heart disease, arthritis and others likely
to get more attention?
- Is there an unequal distribution of resources at either the end or the
beginning of life?

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24
Q

What is comparative justice

A

Distribution of health care services at the level of the individual.

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25
Q

Comparative Justice issues x2

A

1)Reimbursement and denial of care involving individual patients

2)Disparate treatment of patients based on age, disability, gender, race, ethnicity or religion

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26
Q

What is fidelity

A

Maintaining your commitments to your patients, your profession, your employer, etc.

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27
Q

What is veracity

A

Duty to be truthful and honest

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27
Q

What does REACH stand for

A

Respect
Excellence
Autonomy and Well-Being
Communication, Collaboration and Advocacy
Honesty and Integrity

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28
Q

What is respect

A

Members are respectful of the differing needs of each individual and honour the patient’s right to privacy, confidentiality, dignity and treatment without discrimination

29
Q

What is Excellence

A

Members are committed to excellence in professional practice through continued development of knowledge, skills, judgement and attitudes

30
Q

What is autonomy and wellbeing

A

Members are at all times guided by a concern for patient well-being

Patients have the right to self-determination and are empowered to participate in decision about their health-related quality of life and physical functioning

31
Q

Communication, Collaboration and Advocacy

A

Members values the contribution of all individuals involved in the care of a patient

Communication, Collab, and Advocacy are essential to achieve the best possible outcomes

32
Q

Honesty and Intergrity

A

Each members commitment to act with honesty and integrity is fundamental to the delivery of high-quality, safe, and prof. services

33
Q

CKO 6 Steps to Ethical decision making

A

1)Recognize that there is an ethical issue
- (smth is making you uncomfortable)

2)Identify the problem and who is involved

3)Consider the relevant facts, laws, principles and values.
-(what laws and standards may apply, and what ethical value/principle)

4)Establish and analyze potential options, weigh possibilities and outcomes, use moral imagination

5)Choose course of action and implement it
-Barrier and Record

6)Evaluate the outcome and determine if further action is needed
-Learned, how to be prevented in future

34
Q

What are the 3 ethical frameworks?

A

1)Moral and Legal Template (Geddes)

2)Quadripartite Ethical Tool by Drolet and Hudson

3)Realm-Individual Process-Situations (RIPS)

35
Q

Realm x3

A

Individual
Organizational/Institutional
Societal

36
Q

Individual Process x4

A

Moral Sensitivity
Moral Judgement
Moral Motivation
Moral Courage

37
Q

Situation x5

A

Issue or Problem
Dilemma
Distress
Temptation
Silence

38
Q

Step 1 RIPS

A

Recognize and Define Ethical Issues
-Gather info
-Id realms, individual process, situation

39
Q

Realm Individual

A

Concerned with the good of the patient, focusing on the rights and duties and relationship with the patient

40
Q

Realm Organization/Institutional

A

Concerned about the good of the organization and focuses more on structures and systems

41
Q

Realm Societal

A

Focuses on the common good and is the most complex

42
Q

What does indvidual process in RIPS mean

A

What does the ethical situation require of me?

43
Q

Moral Sensitivity

A

Recognizing, Interpreting and Framing ethical situations

44
Q

Moral Judgement

A

Involves generating options, selecting and applying ethic principles and making a decision

45
Q

Moral Motivation

A

Emphasis on ethical values over other values, self-interest, status, financial gain

46
Q

Moral Courage

A

Implementing the chosen ethical action - develop a plan in the face of barriers and adversity

47
Q

Issue or Problem

A

Important values are present and may be challenged

48
Q

Dilemma

A

2 Alternative courses of action may be taken “right vs. right”

49
Q

Distress

A

You know the right course of action but are not authorized to empower or perform it

50
Q

Temptation

A

Right vs Wrong, situation in which you may stand to benefit from doing the wrong thing

51
Q

Silence

A

Ethical Value are challenged, but no one is speaking about this challenge

52
Q

Step 2 Rips

A

Reflect
-Reflect on the info gathered in step 1
-Who are the interested parties
-What are the relevant laws, regulations, and prof. standards, and codes of ethics
-What are possible consequences -intended and unintended
-Are any of the right vs. wrong tests positive

53
Q

What are the 4 right versus wrong tests

A

Legal
Stench
Front Page
Mom

54
Q

RIPS step 3

A

Decide the right thing to do

55
Q

Step 3 RIPS for Ethical Dilemmas x3

A

1)Rule-Based: Follow the rules, duties, obligations or ethical principles already in place

2)Ends-Based: Determine the consequences or outcomes of alternative actions and the good or harm that will result from all interested parties

3)Care-Based: What are the relationships and concerns of others

56
Q

If the situation is right versus wrong what to do in RIPS steps

A

Skip Step 3 go to step 4

57
Q

Rules Based

A

Follow the rules, duties, obligations or ethical principles already in place

58
Q

Ends Based

A

Determine the consequences or outcomes of alternative actions and the good or harm that will result from all interested parties

59
Q

Care Based

A

What are the relationships and concerns of others

60
Q

RIPS Step 4

A

Implement, Evaluate, Re-Assess
-Implement your plan
-Reflect both personally, professionally, what have you learned

61
Q

RIPS Steps

A

1)Conflicting Ethics Principles
2)What Moral Problems
3)Ethical Problem
4)Resolve Problem

62
Q

Legal Test

A

Is something illegal? (Be aware of your
Practice Act and the Rules
and Regulations that interpret the Act). If so, it is probably not a true dilemma but a
“hard choice.”

63
Q

Stench Test

A

Does it “feel” wrong? Such as, “gut”
reaction?

64
Q

Front-Page Test

A

How would you like this on the
front-page of your local newspaper?

65
Q

Mom Test

A

If I were my mother (or parent), would I do
this?

66
Q

Ethical Dillema Versus Moral Temptation

A

If any of these five tests
is “positive”, the situation
may be an issue of right versus wrong (moral temptation) and not an ethical dilemma.

67
Q

When to use rules based

A

Use rules-based when there are clear policies or ethical codes.

68
Q

When to use ends based

A

Use end-based when the focus is on evaluating consequences and maximizing overall good.

69
Q

When to use care based

A

Use care-based to address relational dynamics or when compassion and empathy are central to the decision.

KNPE 400 (8 decks)

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