Week 9 Flashcards
What is one of the seminal studies in group behaviour
-Tajfel
-coin study
What did tajfel discover in his study
-minimal ingroup bias
What is minimal ingroup bias
-staggering lack of visible signs of a “group” necessary for discrimination to occur
-showing ease with which people begin to identify with groups
What were the factors explicitly ruled out through study design
-no face to face contact or interaction
-complete anonymity for all participants
-no link between category criteria and response requested
-no link between category criteria and response requested
-no benefit to individual from decided response
-clear contrast between options where ingroup has advantage over outgroup and none at all
-response options made as real and important as possible
What was the first seminal minimal group experiment
-children asked to estimate number of dots projected on screen during 40 trials
-told they were either overestimators or underestimators
-then put into groups but assignment was random
What was the second seminal minimal group study
-children asked to indicate preference between 2 paintings
-told they were in a preference art group
-assignment was random
What did children have to do after being placed in the groups in both seminal studies
-placed in cubicles and given opportunity to give real money rewards to other people
Findings from both seminal studies
-children generally provided more money to ingroup
-and tried to use maximum of different strategies
What is the social identity approach born from
-from interest in intergroup perceptions and how the self is conceptualized in intergroup contexts
-the extent to which people define themselves based on the groups to which they belong
What theories led to the social identity approach
-social identity theory
-self-categorization theory
What are the different components of the social identity approach
-self-categorization
-depersonalization
-self-stereotyping
What is self-categorization
-people begin by categorizing themselves as members of a group
-differences between them and members of group are smaller than between them and other groups
What is depersonalization
-individuals see themselves and other group members as a collective rather than idiosyncratic individuals
-define themselves and others as belonging to a collective entity
What is self-stereotyping
-individual adopts the values that are deemed most important by their group
Social identity theory
-strong social identity = self-concept based on group
-adopt morals, values, and behavioural norms of group
-motivated by desire to increase self-esteem and decrease uncertainty
-influence moral behaviour towards ingroup and outgroup
Definition of social identity theory
-that part of an individuals self concept which derives from their knowledge of their membership of a social group together with the value and emotional significance attached to that membership
3 ways to explore social identity
-camerons model
-social identity leadership
-SI-AIM
What factors effect social identity in Camerons model
-ingroup ties
-cognitive centrality
-ingroup affect
What are ingroup ties
-connections and bonds
What is cognitive centrality
-importance
What is ingroup affect
-positive feelings
What are some different ways to measure social identity
-questionnaires
-mixed methods
-daily diary
-electronically activated recorder
What did questionnaires determine about increased ingroup affect
-increased prosocial teammates
What did the mixed methods study find about increased prosocial teammate behaviour
-increased social identity
What did the mixed methods study determine about increased antisocial teammate behaviour
-decreased social identity
Sex differences in prosocial/antisocial behaviour
-males reported more physical antisocial behaviour
-females reported more off ice issues
What did the daily diary study find about receiving antisocial behaviour
-increased antisocial behaviour
-decreased social identity
What did the daily diary study find about receiving prosocial behaviour
-increased social identity
What did the electronically activated recorder study find
-more likely to engage in behaviours representative of in-group affect and cognitive centrality when they received higher than average frequency of behaviours indicative of cognitive centrality from teammates, coaches, and parents
Summary of findings from all example studies
-relevance of SI to MB in youth sport
-SI-MB is complex
-a reciprocal relationship between SI and MB
What are antecedents of social identity
-interdependence
-groupness
-leadership
What are outcomes of social identity
-cohesion
-team confidence
-self-worth
-peer influence
-performance
What is social identity leadership
-the key to successfully pulling a group together from a social identity perspective lies in the understanding and promotion of a shared sense of social identity among group members
Principles to consider in social identity leadership
-in-group prototype
-in-group champion
-entrepreneur of identity
-embedder of identity
In group prototype
-understand valies/demonstrate similarity
-represent groups/be perceived as effective
In-group champion
-act in line with groups values
-further group interests/gain influence
Entrepreneur of identity
-propose vision
-mobilize group towards vision
Embedder of identity
-provide opportunities for vision
-realization of vision
Difference between identity leadership and leader identity: Identity leadership
-group process that places emphasis on a leaders ability to represent, advance, create, and embed social identity that they share with their followers within a collective sense of us
Difference between identity leadership vs leader identity: Leader identity
-personal understanding of themselves as a leader
What did the social identity leadersbip study with paralympic soccer team by Slater follow the program of
-SIL 3R program outlines by Haslam
What is included in the SIL 3R program outlined by Haslam
-reflecting
-representing
-realizing
Add cue card
Add cue card
What is the SI-AIM
-social identity- affiliation and influence model
What is SI-AIM based on the idea of
-based on the idea that social identity amplifies the impact of youth sport experiences and developmental outcomes via 2 distinct pathways
What are the 2 pathways of the SI-AIM
-social affiliation pathway
-social influence pathway
What is the social affiliation pathway
-highlights proximal psychosocial benefits derived from social ties and belongingness to a peer group
Why is the social influence pathway important
-when a person integrates a positive and stable group into the self-concept, this has the capacity to increase their confidence, feelings of connectedness and sense of self-worth
What is the social influence pathway
-sport-related social identities can amplify the influences of others within a young persons social environment
What happens when a social identity is salient
-depersonalization occurs such that persons feelings and actions are guided more by group prototypes and norms than personal factors
