Week 2 Flashcards
What to keep in mind about team size
-increased number of players means increased number of interactions
What types of tasks are large groups good for
-additive
-compensatory
What is an additive task
-group output is a sum
What is a compensatory sum
-outcome is the average of members
What types of tasks are large groups bad for
-disjunctive
-conjunctive
What is a disjunctive task
-one members actions are enough
What is a conjunctive task
-individuals must all do the same thing
What are the components of a team that make up its size
-action unit
-dress roster
-team roster
What happens to process losses as group size increases
-increases
-which means performance decreases
Possible reasons for process losses in large group sizes
-decreased individual motivation
-increased coordination losses
Advantage of small group size
-increased playing time
Disadvantage of small group size
-not enough depth
Advantage of large group size
-time to rest
Disadvantage of large group size
-lack organization
What group size is task cohesion best in
-small
What group size is social cohesion best in
-medium
What group size in winning percentage best in
-medium
What is impacted by large group size
-reduced individual participation
-reduced feelings of responsibility
-lower connectedness
-opportunities for leadership diminish and demands get higher
What is included in team composition
-amount of team resources
-variability in team resources
-compatibility of team resources
Amount of team resources
-largely focused on psychosocial attributes
-influence interactions with others, how we act in groups, and emergence of leadership
What does increasing extraversion do
-improve social cohesion
What does increased agreeableness and conscientiousness do
-improve task cohesion
Team effectiveness and individual ability correlation basketball
-0.60
-means that individual ability is not as important
Team effectiveness and team success correlation baseball
-0.94
-means that individual ability is more important
What is a beneficial process of diversity in relation to performance
-creativity
What is a detrimental process of diversity in relation to performance
-conflict
Why may a more diverse group take longer to reach peak performance
-number of cultures
-language differences
-interpretation of the task to be completed
Why are diverse groups possibly more creative in problem solving
-members have access to a broader base of ideas for solutions
Factors to consider in groups
-sex
-ability
-age/team tenure
-racial identity/ethnicity
-social psychological characteristics
Types of diversity
-surface level
-deep level
-perceived
Examples of surface level diversity
-sex
-race
-age
-ability
Examples of deep level diversity
-values
-attitudes
-beliefs
Examples of perceived diversity
-how the self differs from the group
-perceived self to team dissimilarity
-perceived group heterogeneity
What type of group is best in terms of research outcomes
-mixed gender teams
Compatibility of resources categories
-person-role
-person-team
-person-organization
Person-role
-do you feel that you are being used to your full potential in the way you want
Person-team
-do you get along with team and feel that you have support
Person-environment
-how is the league support and treat you etc
What is important in coach athlete relationship
-high agreeableness
-compatibility
-extraversion and openness
What is interdependence
-the degree to which actions and goals of one person reciprocally influence another
Types of interdependence
-task
-outcome
How many parts are included in the decision tree
-a-e
Decision tree part a
-members must consider themselves to be a group
Decision tree part b
-task interdependence refers to whether teammates must interact during the competitive task
Decision tree part c
-types of task interdependence include integrated, segregated, and none
Decision tree part d
-group outcome interdependence refers to whether group-level outcomes are applicable during competition
Decision tree part e
-individual outcome interdependence refers to whether group members directly compete against one another during competition
Types of sport team interdependence
-integrated
-segregated
-collective
-cooperative
-contrient
-independent
-solitary
Integrated examples
-soccer team required to work together during competition with a clear group goal
Segregated examples
-a baseball team whose members compete together but arent always required to interact with one another on the task
Collective examples
-a boys cross country running team, with members who all partake in the same race in competition with one another and to obtain a team title
Cooperative examples
-a team of collegiate wrestlers who compete in different weight classes but contribute to team titles
Contrient examples
-national team of trampolinists who compete individuality, against one another, with no identified group goal
Independent example
-training team of triathletes with no identified group goal and who compete at different competitive levels
Solitary examples
-cyclists who, at times, gather together for long distance rides but who wouldn’t identify as a group
What are the components of inserting “I’s” into a team
-identifying
-selecting
-integrating
What is step 1 in selecting a team
-identify relevant human capital
What are some task-specific proficiencies related to identifying human capital
-skill
-fitness
-creativity
What are some interpersonal skills related to identifying human capital
-conversational skill
-emotional intelligence
-character
What is human capital
-can be thought of as members knowledge, skills, and abilities
What do Whiting and Maynes (2016) say about organizational insiders
-more accurate in predicting eventual athlete success than outsiders
-sought greater contextual information than outsiders, demonstrating desire to bring in the right people for their organization
Step 2 in selecting a team
-select the right people
Methods to select the right people
-interviews
-assessment centres
-situational judgement tests
-combinations
Information coaches use to make team selection decisions
-information related to players
-information related to themselves
-other sources
-situation
Duties included in integrating teammates
-acquire an understanding of their role
-develop the appropriate skills and abilities
-adjust to norms and values of the group
Institutionalized tasks
-structured socialization process that aims to reduce uncertainty as a means to encourage compliance with organizations defined expectations and policies
Individualized tactics
-reflects a more chaotic and unpredictable learning path with encourages people to explore and redefine their organizational responsibilities
What are categories of institutionalized tactics
-collective
-formal
-sequential
-serial
-investiture
What are categories of individualized tactics
-individual
-informal
-random
-disjunctive
-disvestiture
Collective tactics
-uniform training/learning experiences
Collective tactics example
Formal tactics
-structured process
Formal tactics example
-tutorial
-handbook
Sequential tactics
-set stages of progression
Sequential tactics example
-have to learn how to do one skill to start a new one
Serial tactics
-members pass information to newcomers
Serial tactics example
-mentorship
Investiture tactics
-newcomer identity reinforced
Investiture tactics example
-team lets you know you are there for a reason
Individual tactics
-personal training and instruction
Informal tactics
-trial and error
Random tactics
-stages of progression unpredictable
Disjunctive tactics
-newcomers receive no guidance
Disvestiture tactics
-newcomer identity disconfirmed
Disvestiture tactics example
-hazing
What result does institutionalized tactics create
-increased self efficacy
-decreased role ambiguity
-increased perceived fit
-increased job satisfaction
-increased intentions to remain
Important themes in sport related team selection
-establishing congruence in role expectations
-balancing need for conformity and individuality for newcomers
-having shared group experiences
-providing formal learning opportunities
-involving veterans in the process
Three dimensions of sport specific measurement
-coach-athlete role communication
-serial socialization
-social inclusion
What is unique about the snowbirds team
-they are only allowed on team for 2 years
-basically half the team is replaced each year
Phase 1 of snowbird selection process
-candidate interviews
Snowbird candidate interviews
-attention to detail
-team focused approach
-allow for team to help decide or veto a candidate
Phase 2 of snowbird candidate process
-onsite process
Snowbird onsite process
-2 week tryout
-double the available positions
-ground training
What is involved in making most of the process of onsite tryouts
-flight briefings
-integrating through mentorship
-assessing the learning curve
-utilizing tradition
Flight briefings
-have to make objectives for flight and review them after
-be accountable for mistakes
-watch video replays
Integrating through mentorship
-each position is doubled
-one is a first year and one is a second year
-act as a mentor
Assessing the learning curve
-give them less information as time goes on to see how they self-assess
Utilizing tradition
-team dinners
-go to bar and see how candidates act in social setting
What type of interdependence requires direct interaction with each other
-integrated
What type of interdependence requires some interaction with each other
-segregated
Which type of interdependence has a clear group goal and has direct competition
-collective
Which type of interdependence has a clear group goal but no direct competition
-cooperative
Which type of interdependence has no clear group goal but competes against each other
-contrient
Which type of interdependence has no clear group goal and does not compete against each other
-independent
Which type of interdependence does not qualify as a group
-solitary
