Week 8 Flashcards
What are the types of processes involved in teamwork
-transition process
-action process
-interpersonal process
What is the transition process known to be
-preparing
What is the action process known to be
-doing
What is the interpersonal processes known to be
-maintaining
What is the definition of teamwork in sport
-a dynamic process involving a dynamic effort by team members to effectively carry out the independent and interdependent behaviours that are required to maximize a team’s likelihood of achieving its purpose’s
What are the 2 categories involved in mediators for teamwork in sport
-management of team maintenance
-regulation of team performance
What factors are included under management of team maintenance
-psychological support
-integrative conflict management
What is psychological support
-assistive behaviours between members
What is integrative conflict management
-resolving disagreements/perspectives
What happens when psychological support and integrative conflict management increase
-performance increases
What components are included under the regulation of team performance
-preparation
-execution
-evaluation
-adjustments
What is preparation
-preparing for the teams task
What is included under preparation
-mission analysis
-goal specification
-action planning
What is execution
-undertaking the teams task
What is included under execution
-communication
-coordinated action
-cooperative behaviours
What is evaluation
-reflecting on the teams task
What is included under evaluation
-performance monitoring
-systems monitoring
What is performance monitoring
-how did we perform
What is systems monitoring
-how did our systems work
-ex. is power play system working
What is adjustments
-changing things up (if needed) for the teams task
What is included under adjustments
-problem solving
-innovation
-backing up
-intrateam coaching
What did increased cohesion collective efficacy elicit
-more satisfaction
Who did a study about teaching teamwork in sport
-mcewan and beauchamp (2020)
What were the strategies that were outlines in mcewan and beauchamp (2020) intervention
-feedback
-team goal setting
-individual goal setting
-team charter
-briefs
-debriefs
-simulations
Description of feedback
-collecting relevant data and discussing results with team/individuals
Description of team goal setting
-specifying collective objectives, performance goals, and plans of action for achieving those goals
Description of individual goal setting
-specifying collective objectives as well as individual performance goals
Description of team charter
-specifying behavioural norms related to managing conflict and providing interpersonal support
Description of briefs
-pre-competition team meetings where members reiterate the teams main performance goals and action plans
Descriptions of debriefs
-post-competition team meetings where members review the teams performance, including whether and why the achieved their goals
Descriptions of simulations
-members first describe specific behaviours that maximize teamwork execution and devote specific time during practices to developing/improving these behviours
Did mcewan and beauchamp find that teamwork can be improved
-yes
-there was improvements of perceptions in teamwork by the end of the intervention
What were greater perceptions of teamwork associated with
-satisfaction
What can the relationship between greater perceptions of teamwork correlated with satisfaction be explained by
-cohesion
-collective efficacy
What are emergent states
-properties that are typically dynamic in nature and vary as a function of team context, inputs, processes, and outcomes
Who is the face of cohesion
-Dr. Albert Carron
What are the components of a cohesion definitions
-forces attracting members to the group
-resistance to group disruption
What is included in forces attracting members to the group
-want to feel included and make everyone feel included
What is included in resistance to group disruption
-want to make sure outsiders are pushed out of group
Foundational characteristics of cohesion
-multidimensional
-dynamic
-instrumental
-affective
What does multidimensional mean
-motives vary between members and different groups
What does dynamic mean
-forces and motives change over time
What does instrumental mean
-presence of purpose for formation and actions
What does affective mean
-emotional experience and ties between members
Definition of cohesion
-an emergent state “reflected in the tendency for a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or the satisfaction of member affective needs”
What does Carron conceptual model of cohesion include
-individual aspects
-group aspects
Individual aspects of conceptual model
-beliefs group members hold about personal benefits
Group aspects of conceptual model
-beliefs members hold about the group as a collective
What are the 2 main categories in the Carron model
-group integration
-attraction to the group
What is included under group integration
-task
-social
What is included under attraction to the group
-task
-social
Group integration - Task
-united towards achieving instrumental objectives
Group integration - Social
-united towards developing relationships and activities
Attractions to the group - Task
-motivations toward the group instrumental objective
Attraction to the group - Social
-motivations toward social relationships and activities
What is an example of different measures of cohesion
-cohesion in adults (GEQ)
-cohesion in children/youth (YSEQ;CSCQ)
What are factors that should make you care about cohesion
-situational
-leadership
-personal
-team
Situational factors to care about cohesion
-factors such as contractual status or social pressures to conform/attend
What situational factors are expected to influence cohesion
-geography
-team size
What happens to task cohesion as group size increases above 3
-decreases
What is the ideal group size for social cohesion
-6
What type of leadership promotes higher cohesion
-democratic
-transformational
Leader behaviours that increase task and social cohesion
-acceptance of group goals and teamwork
-social support
-training and instruction
-positive feedback
-individual consideration
What happens on teams where coaches emphasize importance of cohesion
-increase perceptions of cohesion among players
Levels of similarities of cohesion
-surface similarity
-deep similarity
What is surface similarity
-observable qualities
What is deep similarity
-unobservable qualities
What do surface similarities elicit in groups
-social cohesion and attendance
What do deep similarities elicit in groups
-task cohesion
What increases when cohesion increases
-satisfaction
-enjoyment
-efficacy
-effort
-social loafing
-sacrifice
What decreases when cohesion increases
-stress
-anxiety
-dropout
What kind of relationship is performance and cohesion
-reciprocal relationship
What is group cohesion strongest for
-task cohesion
-real teams
-female teams
-high school and varsity teams
How does status come into play in group cohesion
-starters rated task cohesion higher than non starters on less successful teams
-no differences in perception of cohesion between starters and non-starters on highly successful teams
What did Hardy report some of the problems with high task cohesion are
-less enjoyment and increased pressure
What did Hardy report some of the problems with high social cohesion are
-difficult to focus on task and constructively criticize
What did Hoigaard report some of the problems with high social cohesion and low task cohesion are
-social loafing (people not putting in as much effort and assuming someone else will do it)
What did Rovio report some of the problems with high levels of cohesion are
-pressure to conform
-group think
-decreased performance
What are some of the next steps in cohesion research
-broadening theoretical scope
-exploring temporal dynamics
-expanding measurement approaches
-looking at new populations
What did Carron find about group cohesion and work output
-people actually put in more effort (measured by O2 output and HR) when they had higher perceptions of cohesion
