week 9 Flashcards
what is nominal measurement
random categories, they are not numbers and cannot be put into order (ex. nurses vs. doctors)
what is ordinal measurement
groups and categories that follow a strict order (likest style)
what is interval measurement
there Is proportionate interval between two variables
ex. clock, weight (there cannot be absolute zero)
what is ratio measurement
highest level of measurement
can have an absolute zero
can be proportionate
ex. length, there is a possible 0 which is no length
what is a null hypothesis
no relationship between variables, meaning results are according to change alone
what P value can reject a null hypothesis
under 0.05
the lower the P value, the more certain we are
how to we conduct research to reject a null hypothesis
- start with a null hypothesis that we want to prove wrong!
- gather and interpret the data
- calculate the P value (is it significant)
- confirm or reject the null hypothesis
what are the three alpha levels and what are their corresponding significance
alpha < 1: highly significant
alpha < 5: significant
alpha >5: not significant
you look at alpha level and relate it to your p value to see if things are significant
what does a low p value mean
findings are less likely to be due to random change
what is Standard Deviation
average distance each data point is from the mean (average)
what is Z score related to standard deviation
z score is how far your variable is from the mean, this is measured in standard deviations
what are the three measures of central tendency
mean average (simple, mean amount of testicles each person in the world has is one)
median: if values were arranged in ascending order, median is middle value
mode; value that appears most frequently
what are issues with median
does not consider intense outliers at all
what do we call a study with two modes
bimodal
what is range
the diff between the minimum and maximum data
