week 4

Question 1

what variable do we use to measure population

Answer 1

N

Question 2

what are the five phases in a quantitative study

Answer 2

1. conceptual: start to think about the issue
2. design and planning: matching research question to design
3. empirical phase: go out and collect evidence
4. analytic phase: analysis of evidence found
5. decimation of evidence: rationale, share results and conference about it

Question 3

what are the five key elements of quantitative research

Answer 3

1. hypothesis
2. theoretical framework: how they will approach the question
3. literature review: used to identify problem statement
4. problem statemetn
5. design

Question 4

whats the difference between sampling, data collection, and data analysis

Answer 4

all are used in quant designs
sampling: units of the target population selected for the study
data collection: ways info was collected
data analysis: manipulating data to answer the research question

Question 5

what is an independent variable

Answer 5

the intervention in the study what

Question 6

what is a dependent variable

Answer 6

outcome of the intervention

Question 7

what are extraneous variables

Answer 7

variables that are not the focus of the study but can influence the outcome if not controlled
random things that could influence the outcome

Question 8

what are confounding variables

Answer 8

variables that unintentionally affect the dependent and independent variable

more caused by the independent variable

more predictable

Question 9

what are the two non experimental types of quantitative research

Answer 9

descriptive : no intervention, just observation and data collection

correlational research: measures relationship but does not imply causation (relationship between x and y)

Question 10

what are the two experimental types of quantitative research

Answer 10

quasi-experimental: same level of manipulation without random assignment (intent is to test, not prove)

experimental: involves randomisation and manipulation of control groups and manipulation of all other variables

Question 11

what type of quantitative research is a randomised control trial

Answer 11

experimental

Question 12

what type of testing is considered the gold standard for testing cause and effect relationships

Answer 12

RCT

Question 13

what is temporal ambiguity threat to validity

Answer 13

order in which variables influence each other

Question 14

what is selection threat to validity

Answer 14

pre-existing differences between groups

Question 15

what is history threat to validity

Answer 15

concurrent events happening during the study that could influence outcomes

Question 16

what is maturation threat to validity

Answer 16

changes that occur with time
ppl get tired of study

Question 17

what is morality/attrition threat to validity

Answer 17

loss of subjects
i.e. cancer study, ppl die of cancer before study is over