Week 9 Flashcards
Function of respiratory system
Transports oxygen, removes gas waste (carbon dioxide)
Related to cardiovascular system how
Blood Carries oxygen from the lungs and co2 towards the heart
Lungs
Terminal air sacs called alveoli surrounded by a network of capillaries that allow gas exchange
Ventilation
Movement of air in the terminal air sacs
Respiration
Process of gas exchange
Oxygen is added a few carbon dioxide is removed
Internal and external
External respiration
In th lungs, movement of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood
Internal respiration
In the tissues, movement of oxygen from the blood to the cells
Location of upper airway
Nostrils, end of vocal cords
Functions of upper airways
Heating and cooling
Filtering
Humidifying
Sense if smell
Producing sounds or phonation
Ventilation
Nose
Semi-rigid structure comprised of cartilage and bone
Sinuses
Air-filled cavities
Prolong safety intensify sound produced by our voice
Lighten the weight of our head
Warm and moisten air
Pharynx
Throat
Hollow muscular structure starting behind the nasal cavity
Lined with epithelial tissue
Three sections of pharynx
Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
Nasopharynx
Uppermost section
Lined with respiratory mucosa
Oropharynx
Centre section of pharynx, behind oral cavity
Air, food, and liquid pass through
Laryngopharynx
Lower most part of pharynx
Connects the larynx and esophagus
Water, food, and air pass through the laryngopharynx
Larynx
Voice box
Cartilage connected by muscle and ligaments the provide movement of the vocal cords to control our speech
Trachea
From the vocal cords, air enters the trachea, or windpipe
Largest pipe
Brochi
Trachea branches at the centre into left and right stem bronchi
bronchioles
Branching continues getting more numerous and smaller, deep into the lung segments
Smooth muscle in their walls
Alveoli
Air sacs
Alveoli are covered with capillaries, where gas exchange occurs, oxygen goes into the blood
Mediastinum
A region of separation, contains the esophagus, heart, great vessels, and trachea
Pleura
Prevent irritation of lungs moving against the thorax, each lung is warped in a double layer sac
Right lung has how many lobes
3
Upper, middle, and lower
The left lung has how many lobes
2
Upper and lower
Bony thorax
Protects the organs of the chest
Bony thorax structures
The rib cage
Sternum
Thoracic vertebrae to which each rib attaches
Medulla oblongata
Control centre of the brain
Diaphragm
Is sent singalong through a nerve from the brain causing it to contract and flatten
Process of breathing
Inspiration is a active process
Exhalation is a passive act
Accessory muscles
Used to help pull up your rib cage to make an even larger space in the thoracic cavity
Accessory muscle if exhalation
More forceful and active exhalation by increasing abdominal pressure
Abdominal muscles
Respiratory rate
Breathing rate is controlled by the level of carbon dioxide in our blood
Pneumonia
Lung infection results in inflammation of infected area with an accumulation of call debris and fluid
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Lung damage that blocks gas exchange
Asthma
Difficult to get air in, more difficult to get air out resulting in inability to get enough fresh, oxygenated air in
The inflammatory process causes increased secretions, blocking of the airways and further reducing the passage of air to the alveoli
Cilia
Hairlike projections that moves microbes and debris up and out of the airways
Pseusdostratified ciliated columnar cells
Cells in the epithelial lining of the airways of the respiratory system
Fake many layer ciliated columnar cells
Dyspnea
Difficulty breathing
Tachypnea
Rapid respiratory rate
Cyanosis
A blue colouring to lips and nail beds
Retraction
Use of accessory muscles of breathing
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate
Polycythemia
Increased RBC count
Emphysema
Alveoli become destroyed
Chronic brinchitis
Swollen airway make it difficult to move air
