endocrine system Flashcards
Pituitary gland
Controls other glands. Regulates growth and fluid balance
Thyroid gland
Controls tissue metabolic rate and regulates calcium levels
Pancreas
Regulates blood glucose levels
Adrenal glands
Adjusts water balance, tissue metabolism, cardiovascular and respiratory activity
Gonads-testes
Supports male sexual characteristics and reproductive functions
Gonads-ovaries
Supports female sexual characteristics and reproductive functions
Hormones released by Hypothalamus
Regulatory hormones; production of ADH and oxytocin
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Pancreas
Adrenal glands
Hormones
Chemical messengers
Work to bind the receptors on specific cells
Once attached, then specific changes to the cell and body occur
Homeostasis and negative feedback
Your control system work to keep your levels at or near ideal
Negative feedback counteracts a change
Homeostasis and positive feedback
Positive feedback is not a way to regulate the body, since positive feedback increases a change away from a set point
Hypothalamus
Link between the two control systems
Endocrine and nervous system
Releases hormones that control the release of other hormones
The two parts of the pituitary gland
Posterior pituitary and anterior pituitary
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Maintaining internal fluid balance as well as controlling blood pressure
T3 and T4
Play a large role in controlling cellular metabolism and growth in the body
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto’s disease
Body does not produce thyroid hormone because the thyroid gland has been attacked by the immune system
Autoimmune attack
Immune system army begins to attack the thyroid
Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Immune disorder, the thyroid gland over secretes T3 and T4
Hypothyroidism causes what
Serve swelling
Hyperthyroidism symptoms
Nervousness, fatigue, weight loss, muscle cramps, And hear intolerance
Pineal gland
Produce the hormone melatonin
thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
increase secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland
anterior
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
increase duration of effect of your nervous system
when blood sugar is low
glucagón is released
when blood sugar is high
insulin is released
hormone
your body’s chemical messengers
homeostasis
any self-regulating process
glucagón
a hormone your pancreas makes to help regulate your blood glucose levels
glucose
type of sugar you get from the food you eat, and your body uses it for energy
What lowers blood sugar
Insulin
What increases blood sugar
Glucagon
What regulates cell metabolism
Oxytocin
What increases milk production in females
Prolactin
What stimulates tissue growth
Growth hormone
What decreases urination
Epinephrine
What increases uterine contractions
Thyroxine
