Week 10 Flashcards
Ingestion
Food enters the mouth
Mastication (chewing)
Mechanically grinding food with the teeth and tongue
Digestion
The chemical act of breaking down food into small molecules
Secretion
Release of acid, enzymes, and water to aid in the breakdown of food
Absorption
Food passes through lining of digestive tract into blood stream
Excretion or defecation
Elimination of waste products
Four quadrants
Functions of digestion (gastrointestinal) system
Takes in
Breaks down
Use what we can
Get rid of what we do not need
Tongue
Provides taste stimuli to your brain, determines temperature and manipulates food
Salivary gland
3 pairs of salivary glands controlled by the autonomic nervous system
Does food ever enter the body
No
The parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
Covers the trachea to prevent food from entering the lungs, forcing into the opening of the esophagus
Esophagus
It extends from the pharynx through the thoracic cavity, through the diaphragm, connecting to the stomach in the peritoneal cavity
Mucosa
Innermost layer lines the lumen of the canal
Submucosa
Next layer of the lumen and is composed of soft connective tissue
Stomach
Is located in the left side of the abdominal cavity, under the diaphragm and is covered completely by the liver
Rugea
Folds that help the stomach expand and contract
Defecation
As the rectum fills with feces, a defecation reflex occurs which causes rectal muscles to contract and the anal sphincter to relax
Hard palates
The front part of the roof of your mouth
Soft palates
Back part of the roof of your mouth behind the hard palates
Bolus
Food that has been chewed and mixed with saliva
Lower esophagus sphincter
How food bolus enters the stomach
Chyme
When food is partially digested, it resembles a thick creamy liquid
Gastric juice
Released by the cells that are part of the mucosal layer of the stomach layer
Inhibiting infectious agents from reach the intestines
Villi
In the walls of the small intestine that have tiny finger-like projections
The three parts of the small intestine
The duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Large intestine
At the end of junction of the small intestine and extending to the anus
Water absorption, absorption of vitamins, and remove waste products
Cecum
Receives any undigested food and water from the ileum
Some water is reabsorbed in the cecum
Three parts of the large intestine
Cecum, colon, rectum
Appendix
Is attached to the Cecum. Has no known purpose
Colon has what 4 secetions
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
The anal sphincter opens and closes to allow the passage of solid waste
Liver
Located inferior to the diaphragm and is the largest glandular organ in the body
Has a lot of functions vital to life
Bile
Is a fluid released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Gallbladder
Stores bile
Pancreas
Contains Buffers and digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
Buffers are needed to neutralize the acidity of the chyme
Emulsification
Process of dispersing two or more liquids together to form a semi stable mixture
Salivary glands
Makes Silvia, keeps your mouth moist and supports healthy teeth
Deciduous teeth
Also called baby teeth,
Smaller and whiter then permanent teeth
Alimentary canal
A whole passage which food passes through from the mouth to the anus
Fundus
The part of a hollow organ that is farthest from the opening
Pyloric sphincter
Serves as a kind of gateway between the stomach and the small intestines
Peristalsis
Moves the food towards the large intestine
The difference between the functions of the large intestine and the small intestine
Small intestine - digestion of food and absorption of nutrients
Large intestine - absorption of water and production of vitamins
Digestive enzymes
Proteins that break down food and aid digestion
Vomitting
Protective mechanisms
Irritation or overload of food
Diarrhea
Fluid contents in the small intestine are rushed through the large intestine without absorbing enough water
Constipation
Feces pass to slowly through the colon and too much water is absorbed
Refers to the hard consistency of stool
Segmentation
Movement of food towards and through the digestive track
Cholecystitis
Gallbladder inflamed
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreases
How long does it take for food to get from your mouth to your rectum
20 hours
