Week 9 Flashcards
define stress
- a series of reactions to external & internal demands
what is the reaction to stress determined by
- duration
- severity
- resources
- coping actions taken
define coping
- an action directed toward change theu conscious or unconscious thoughts & behaviors to avoid harm and restore balance
is stress good or bad
- can be either
- good = can motivate you, lead to resilience
- bad if chronic or leads to harmful effects on the body
what are 3 types of stress
- acute
- chroic
- episodic
what is acute stress
- short duration
- can be intense
- resolves immediately when stressor is addressed
what is an example of an acute stress
- infection
- argument
what is episodic stress
- self inflicted or recurring stress
- somegtimes cyclical in nature
what are examples of episodic stress
- exams
- deadlines
what is chronic stress
- perpetual, constant pressure
- usually prolonged duration
- often impacts health & wellbeing
what are examples of chronic stress
- homelessness
- chronic illness
- addicition
- marital issues
- malnutrition
- stressful job
what are 3 types of durations of stress
- short-term
- medium-term
- long-term
what is short term stress
- arise from small stressors that result in temporary anxiety
= increased HR, BP, RR etc. adrenalin rush
what is an example of a short term stress
- near miss in a car accident
what is medium term stress
- often triggered by bigger events
- more profound but temporary effects on health
what is long term stress
- may be chronic forms of stress related to accumulation of events w lasting effects on health
what is the general adaptation syndrome
the way your bodt copes with stress
what are the 3 phases of the general adaptation syndrome
- alarm rxn
- resistance or adaptation
- exhaustion
describe the alarm rxn phase of the GAS
- body reacts to the stress
= SNS activation
describe the resistance phase of the GAS
- adapatation to the stress
= sustained release of cortisol in attempt to maintain arousal
describe the exhaustion phase of GAS
- bodys resources have been depleted
what is the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)
- list of events that can cause stress
- rates how stressful & the scale of impact each event is
what does the SRRS not account for
- context –> what other variables are in play
ex. divorce may not be as stressful for someone who has already had 3 compared to someone’s first
how can stress manifest in the body
- hair loss
- weight loss
- poor immune system
- fatigue, depression
- increased BG
- HTN
what are physical indicators of excess stress
- rapid pulse
- sweating
- pounding heart
- tightened stomach
- tense arms & legs
- SOB
- tense teeth & jaw
- restlessness
- sore back & shoulders
what are psychological indicators of excess stress
- inability to conc
- indecisiveness
- cravings
- decreased self confidence
- worry or anxiety
- frustration
- depressions
what are some behavior indicators of stress
- smoking
- med use
- nervous tics
- absent minded
- accident proneness
- hair pulling
- nail biting
- foot tapping
- sleep disturbance
- increased use of alcohol
- addictive eatin
how does stress relate to coping
- the type, duration of stress determines what kind of coping you use
- inadequate coping can lead to more stress
- positive coping = decreased stress
- coping can lead to avoidance behaviors (ex. procastination) = more stress
describe the scope of stress & coping (3)
- stress neutral = coping effective
- challenge/manageable = coping effective but new skills may be needed
- stress not manageable = coping ineffective, exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance
define coping
- the process thru which the individual manages the demands of the person-enviro relationship that is appraised as stressful
what are the 3 categories of coping strategies
- problem focused
- emotion focused
- meaning focused
what is problem focused coping
- coping directed at eliminating the stressor
what is emotion focused coping
- coping dircted at changing one’s emotional rxn
what is meaning focused coping
- coping directed at …
what are examples of positive coping strategies
- education
- social support
- exercise
- therapeutic lifestle change
- music
- relaxation strategies
define coherence
- logical & consistent
- unified whole
what does sense of coherence mean
- things under control & will work out
what is the benefit to strong sense of coherence
- may be related to good or excellent health outcomes
describe the role of social supports on an individuals health
makes them
- feel cared for & loved
- feel esteemed & values
- involvement in network of communication & mutual obligation = sense of purpose
what is resilience
- the abiolity to respond to challenges in ways that are helpful to their own well being
- often related to stress
define resiliency
- the ability of people to cope effectively when faced w considerable adversity or risk
what is the outcome of effective coping
- resilience
what is absolute poverty
- describes deprivation
- situation where a person cant afford basic needs such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, transportation
what is relative poverty
- describes inequality,
- situation where a person is noticeably worse off than most people in their community
what are some factors that contribute to smoking
- single motherhood
- stress from partners
- peer pressure
- family
- smoking ads
- smoking history
what are deterrents to smoking
- health & antismoking bylaws
what are triggers for smoking
- stress & anxiety
- seeing someone else smoking
- feeling judged for smoking
- lack of alternative treats
what are perceptions about smoking
- helps control anger
- helps manage stress
- is a reward
- gives identity
- addiction
- habit
- the system
what are limiting factors for smoking
- guilt
- stigmitazation
- shame
what are some interventions for smoking
- 1-on-1 support
- support groups
- treatment centers
- smoker anon
- alternative strategies to deal w stress
- education
- smoking cessation aids
what is cognition
- brain function
- includes language, problem solving, higher order functioning
what is the connection between the mind & body
- stress can impact the body
- psychoneuroimmunology —> stress = immunocompromised
- may not always be clear
