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NURS 2522 > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is primary health care

A
  • a strategy for public health systems
  • addresses the main problems in the community
  • deals with populations/communities
  • approach to health & a spectrum of services among the traditional health care system
  • includes all services that play a role in health
  • socioenvironmental approach to care
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2
Q

what is primary care

A
  • first point of contact in health system
  • individual/family unit center
  • largely aligned w biomedical model
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3
Q

what are the 5 principles to primary health care

A
  • access to care
  • appropriate technology
  • intersectoral collaboration
  • public participation
  • health promotion (and its 5 aspects)
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4
Q

what are 5 characteristics of health promotoion

A
  • health public policy
  • supportive enviro
  • strengthening community action
  • reorientating health services
  • developing personal skills
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5
Q

what is a policy

A
  • a statement of direction resulting from a decision-making process that applies reason, evidence, and values in public or private settings
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6
Q

what is public policy

A
  • can be a course of action chosen to address identified problems
  • addresses problems and groups of inter-related problems
  • can also be a course of inaction
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7
Q

what is politics about

A
  • power

- the ability to control & manipulate one’s enviro and everything in it

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8
Q

list the characteristics of policy (5)

A
  • shoulds and oughts
  • values, goals, and principles
  • usually proactive
  • develops thru a process (problem identification, implementation, eval)
  • use of research and data
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9
Q

list the characteristics of politics

A
  • focuses on conditions
  • uses power
  • primarly reactive
  • foundation is philosophical (ex. political party)
  • developed thru political process
  • shapes content for policy & policy processes
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10
Q

what policies guide nursing practice

A
  • health professions act (nursing act)
  • scope of practice
  • standards of practice (professional standards)
  • practice guidelines
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11
Q

what are the 3 key elements of a policy

A
  • problem definition
  • policy goals
  • policy instruments
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12
Q

describe problem definition

A
  • problem should be defined

- background & rationale

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13
Q

describe policy goals

A
  • what is the policy trying to achieve

- objectives/indicators

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14
Q

what are policy instruments

A
  • methods to implement/reinforce policy
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15
Q

what is personhood

A
  • standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being by others, in the context of relationship and social being
  • implies recognition, respect, and trust
  • the attributes possessed by human beings that make them persons
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16
Q

how might the loss of personhood occur thru racism and stereotypinh

A
  • when someone is subjected to racism & stereotyping, they are not treated as a person with feelings
  • not seen as who they are, but “what” they are & the stereotypes associated w them
    = loss of personhood
17
Q

how might loss of personhood affect health outcomes & wellness of people, particularly those whose race, ethnicity, and/or culture differ from the dominant culture…

A

= less likely to access health care

= internalized thoughts against themselves = feeling hopelessness = less positive coping strategies

18
Q

describe race as a social determinant of health

A
  • biological & genetic factors & race are not necessarily the determinant health but rather the discrimination & oppression is
  • experience racism & discrimination in the health care system = ineffective treatment
19
Q

what is oppression

A
  • when discriminatory actions or inactions are supported or condoned by the healthcare system or other instituional structures
20
Q

define race

A
  • a vague unscientific term for a group of genetically related people who share some physical traits
21
Q

define health promotoion

A
  • process of enabling people to increase control over & to improve their health
  • wide range of social and environmental interventions that are designed to benefit and protect individual people’s health and quality of life by addressing and preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure
22
Q

define health

A
  • state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing

- not just the mere absence of disease

23
Q

what are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa charter

A
  • building healthy public policy
  • creating supportive enviro
  • strengthening community action
  • re-orientating health services
  • developing personal skills
24
Q

describe building healthy public policy r/t to the ottawa charter

A
  • healthy public policies that protect the health of individuals and communities
  • makes it easier to make healthy choices
    ex. seatbelts, helmets, smoking laws
25
Q

describe creating supportive enviro r/t to the ottawa charter

A
  • supportive enviro where people live, work, learn, and play

ex. restrict junk food ads, outdoor running spaces, phamplets

26
Q

describe strengthening community action r/t to the ottawa chart

A
  • collective actions of the community to improve health

ex. community kitchen, support organization, food drive

27
Q

describe re-orientating health services r/t to the ottawa charter

A
  • holistic approach
  • strengthen protective factors
  • reducing risk factors
  • improve health deteminants
    ex. health educator roles, improve access to health care
28
Q

describe developing personal skills r/t the ottawa charter

A
  • supports personal & social development
  • increase info, education, and life skills
  • make positive health choices
    ex. online education, health classes
29
Q

define advocate

A
  • individual & social actions to obtain political commitment, political support, and social systems
30
Q

define mediate

A
  • process in which individual communities & public/private sectors are reconciled to promote health
31
Q

define enable

A
  • activities in partnership w individuals to empower & promote health
32
Q

define personhood

A
  • a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being, by others, in the context of relationship & social being
  • being seen & valued as a person
  • implies recognition, trust, and respect
  • pts should receive individualized care, respectful of their needs & wishes
33
Q

what is the alma ata

A
  • declaration that urges gvmts, international organization, HCP, etc. to support primary care
  • channel increased technical and financial support to it
34
Q

define racism

A
  • an ideology of inferiority that is used to justify unequal treatment of members of groups defined as inferior, by both individuals and societal institutions
35
Q

describe the cycle of oppression

A
  1. biased info leads to stereotyping
  2. prejudice
  3. discrimination
  4. oppression

NURS 2522 (9 decks)

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