Week 8b Muscles of the face and velum

Question 1

Name the parts of the tongue

Answer 1

• Body
• Tip
• Root
• Dorsum
• Blade

Question 2

What are the surface features of the tongue?

Answer 2

• Palate surface
• Sulcus terminalis
• foramen cecum
• medium sulcus
• Pharyngeal surface
• lingual tonsils
• epiglottis
• glosso-epiglottis folds

Question 3

What are taste buds called?

Answer 3

Papilla

Question 4

Which nerves innervate the tongue?

Answer 4

Trigeminal (V) for general sensory
Facial (VII) for taste anterior 2/3
Glossopharyngeal (IX) for taste posterior 1/3
Vagus (X) for taste (small part)

Question 5

What are the Intrinsic muscles of the Tongue and what do they do?

Answer 5

• Superior longitudinal - Curls tip & sides superiorly
• Inferior longitudinal - Curls tip inferiorly
• Transverse - Narrows and elevates
• Vertical - Strength

Question 6

What are the Extrinsic muscles of the Tongue and what do they do?

Answer 6

• Genioglossus - Depresses and protrudes tongue
• Hyoglossis - Depresses & retrudes tongue
• Styloglossis - Retrudes & draws tongue for swallowing
• Palatoglossis* - Elevates & protrudes, Innervated by vagus nerve (X)

Tip to remember these muscles GP Stay Home (GPSH) – from anterior to posterior

Question 7

What are the Accessory Tongue muscles – supra-hyoid muscles and what do they do?

Answer 7

• Mylohyoid - Elevates hyoid & floor of mouth
• Geniohyoid - Pulls hyoid anteriosuperiorly
• Stylohyoid - Elevates and retacts hyoid
• Digastric - Depress mandible, raises hyoid bone, holds hyoid bone steady in swallowing

Question 8

Sensory innervation of tongue

Answer 8

The anterior 2/3rds is supplied by the lingual branch of the
mandibular nerve (CN V3) for general sensation and taste is
provided a branch of the facial nerve (CNVII)- lingual nerve,
traveling with the lingual nerve.

The poster 1/3rd of the tongue is supplied by the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) nerve and the superior laryngeal nerve (CN X), which provide taste and general sensation.

Question 9

What afre the muscles of the velum?

Answer 9

• tensor veli palatini (TVP) - tenses soft palate, opens auditory tube in swallowing, weakly assists the LVP
• levator veli palatini (LVP) Elevate the soft palate and stretch backward (to meet pharyngeal wall)
• palatoglossus (PGM) Depresses side of palate
• palatopharyngeus (PPM) Depresses palate and lifts pharynx
• uvulus (UM) Raises & retracts uvula