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SPHY102 Anatomy and Physiology > Week 1 Nervous System > Flashcards

Week 1 Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of the nervous system?

A

Peripheral and Central

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2
Q

What are peripheral nerves? What are the two components of peripheral nerves?

A

Connected to central nervous system

autonomic and somatic

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3
Q

What does autonomic (peripheral nerves) refer to?

A

Controls internal activities of organs and glands

eg heart rate

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4
Q

What does somatic (peripheral nerves) refer to?

A

controls external actions of skin and muscles

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5
Q

What are the two types of autonomic nerves?

A

Sympathetic (arousing)

and

Parasympathetic (calming)

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6
Q

Label the parts of the neuron

A

Synapse - spaces between neurons

Axon terminals at end of axon

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7
Q

What is a neuron?

A

structural and functional unit of the nervous system

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8
Q

What is the function of a neuron?

A

Info enters through the dentrites into the cell body (AKA soma) and then along the axom and leaves the neuron through the axon terminals. This info is then passed to other neurons.

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9
Q

What is a synapse?

A

The gaps between neurons

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10
Q

What are glial cells?

A

non-neuronal cells (within the nervous system) that provide service for the neurons e.g., nourish, support, protect neurons

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11
Q

Label the parts of the brain:

  • Frontal lobe
  • Parietal lobe
  • Temporal lobe
  • Occipital lobe
  • Cerebellum
  • Brainstem
    • Spinal cord
A
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12
Q
A
  • Primary motor cortex (d)
  • Primary auditory cortex (i)
  • Primary somatosensory cortex (e)
  • Wernicke’s area (h)
  • Broca’s area (b)
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13
Q

What is Broca’s area responsible for?

A

Articulation - ability to move articulators

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14
Q

What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?

A

Language comprehension

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15
Q

What nerves form the peripheral nervous system?

A

Spinal nerves and cranial nerves

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16
Q

Where do spinal verves derive from?

A

The spine

17
Q

Where do cranial nerves derive from?

A

The brain and the brain stem

18
Q

What is the function of cranial and spinal nerves?

A

To bring in sensory input or take out information to bring about a kind of motor movement or muscle movement

19
Q

Do spinal nerves contain sensory or motor fibres or both?

A

Both

20
Q

Do cranial nerves contain sensory or motor fibres or both?

A

some cranial nerves are just sensory, some are just motor and some are a mix

21
Q

How may pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

22
Q

What is a unipolar cell?

A

one process of the cell body; mainly sensory neurons

23
Q

What is a bipolar cell?

A

two process of the cell body; mainly special sensory neurons (e.g., taste, hearing)

24
Q

What is a multipolar cell?

A

many process of the cell body; mainly motor neurons

25
Q

What is the functional difference between:

Sensory, Motor and Interneurons?

A
  • Sensory: carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS
  • Motor: carry action potential from CNS to the muscles
  • Interneurons: in CNS only to facilitate efficient communication between neurons
26
Q
  1. What is the structural difference between a neuron classified as myelinated compared to unmyelinated?
A

Myelinated axons have Schwann cells TIGHTLY coiled around them; unmyelinated axons have larger loose Schwann cells around a group of axons

27
Q

What is the functional difference between a neuron classified as myelinated compared to unmyelinated

A

The speed of transmission of nerve impulses is high in myelinated nerve fibres. On the contrary, unmyelinated nerve fibers do not have myelin insulations, and therefore, the speed of the transmission of the nerve impulses is slow

28
Q

What are the similarities and differences between a spinal and cranial nerve?

A

Similar: Both nerves. Both part of the Peripheral Nervous System. They can be motor / sensory OR both.

Differences: Spinal nerves connect the BODY structures (e.g. biceps) to the CNS whereas CRANIAL nerves connect the HEAD and NECK structures to the BRAIN or BRAINSTEM.

29
Q

Label the structure of a peripheral nerve

A
30
Q
A

SPHY102 Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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