Week 1 Nervous System Flashcards
What are the two components of the nervous system?
Peripheral and Central
What are peripheral nerves? What are the two components of peripheral nerves?
Connected to central nervous system
autonomic and somatic
What does autonomic (peripheral nerves) refer to?
Controls internal activities of organs and glands
eg heart rate
What does somatic (peripheral nerves) refer to?
controls external actions of skin and muscles
What are the two types of autonomic nerves?
Sympathetic (arousing)
and
Parasympathetic (calming)
Label the parts of the neuron
Synapse - spaces between neurons
Axon terminals at end of axon
What is a neuron?
structural and functional unit of the nervous system
What is the function of a neuron?
Info enters through the dentrites into the cell body (AKA soma) and then along the axom and leaves the neuron through the axon terminals. This info is then passed to other neurons.
What is a synapse?
The gaps between neurons
What are glial cells?
non-neuronal cells (within the nervous system) that provide service for the neurons e.g., nourish, support, protect neurons
Label the parts of the brain:
- Frontal lobe
- Parietal lobe
- Temporal lobe
- Occipital lobe
- Cerebellum
- Brainstem
- Spinal cord
- Primary motor cortex (d)
- Primary auditory cortex (i)
- Primary somatosensory cortex (e)
- Wernicke’s area (h)
- Broca’s area (b)
What is Broca’s area responsible for?
Articulation - ability to move articulators
What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?
Language comprehension
What nerves form the peripheral nervous system?
Spinal nerves and cranial nerves
Where do spinal verves derive from?
The spine
Where do cranial nerves derive from?
The brain and the brain stem
What is the function of cranial and spinal nerves?
To bring in sensory input or take out information to bring about a kind of motor movement or muscle movement
Do spinal nerves contain sensory or motor fibres or both?
Both
Do cranial nerves contain sensory or motor fibres or both?
some cranial nerves are just sensory, some are just motor and some are a mix
How may pairs of cranial nerves are there?
12
What is a unipolar cell?
one process of the cell body; mainly sensory neurons
What is a bipolar cell?
two process of the cell body; mainly special sensory neurons (e.g., taste, hearing)
What is a multipolar cell?
many process of the cell body; mainly motor neurons
What is the functional difference between:
Sensory, Motor and Interneurons?
- Sensory: carry sensory information from receptors to the CNS
- Motor: carry action potential from CNS to the muscles
- Interneurons: in CNS only to facilitate efficient communication between neurons
- What is the structural difference between a neuron classified as myelinated compared to unmyelinated?
Myelinated axons have Schwann cells TIGHTLY coiled around them; unmyelinated axons have larger loose Schwann cells around a group of axons
What is the functional difference between a neuron classified as myelinated compared to unmyelinated
The speed of transmission of nerve impulses is high in myelinated nerve fibres. On the contrary, unmyelinated nerve fibers do not have myelin insulations, and therefore, the speed of the transmission of the nerve impulses is slow
What are the similarities and differences between a spinal and cranial nerve?
Similar: Both nerves. Both part of the Peripheral Nervous System. They can be motor / sensory OR both.
Differences: Spinal nerves connect the BODY structures (e.g. biceps) to the CNS whereas CRANIAL nerves connect the HEAD and NECK structures to the BRAIN or BRAINSTEM.
Label the structure of a peripheral nerve
