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SPHY102 Anatomy and Physiology > Week 3 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Week 3 Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Why do we need to breathe?

A

For survival
 To get oxygen into our lungs, bloodstream and cells
 To breathe out carbon dioxide to maintain correct pH level

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2
Q

What is Pulmonary ventilation?

A

Getting oxygen into our lungs

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3
Q

What is External respiration?

A

Getting oxygen into our bloodstream

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4
Q

What is Internal respiration?

A

Getting oxygen into our cells

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5
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system? (three things)

A
  • To provide for gas exchange  Moving air in and out of the lungs
  • Allows for our sense of smell
  • Allows us to produce sound (necessary for speech)
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6
Q

What are the Main structural features of respiratory system? (three things)

A
  • Airways
  • Lungs (alveoli)
  • Respiratory Muscles
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7
Q

What are sinuses? (two things)

A
  • Little holes or air pockets in the skull connected to the nasal cavity
  • Helps to make head lighter
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8
Q

What are the two main parts of the Structure of our airways?

A

Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract

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9
Q

What forms the Upper Respiratory Tract?

A
  • Sinuses
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Pharynx
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10
Q

What forms the Lower Respiratory Tract?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchus
  • Bronchioles
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11
Q

What are the Breathing Apparatus and Subdivisions? (Three parts)

A
  1. Pulmonary apparatus = Lungs and airways
  2. Chest wall = Rib cage wall, abdominal wall, diaphragm, and abdominal content
  3. Pulmonary –chest wall unit
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12
Q

What are the parts of the Structure of nose and nasal cavity?

A

* Sinuses
* Nasal conchae (or terbinates) - superior, middle and inferior
* External nares (nostrils)
* Hard palate
* Soft palate
* Internal nares (choanae)
* Nasal Cavity

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13
Q

What is the Function of nose and nasal cavity? (Three things)

A
  • Primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system
  • Narrow passageway between conchae (meatuses) ensures air comes into contact with the nasal mucosa
  • Warms and humidifies air, removes dust and bacteria, cilia sweeps debris to pharynx
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14
Q

What is the Function of tonsils?

A

To combat infection

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15
Q

What is the Function of tonsils?

A

To combat infection

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16
Q

What is the Structure and Function of the Pharynx?

A

Passageway for air entering the respiratory system

16
Q

What is the Structure and Function of the Pharynx?

A

Passageway for air entering the respiratory system

17
Q

What are the main parts of the pharynx? (x3)

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

18
Q

Name the tonsils

A 
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid)
Palatine and lingual tonsils
19
Q

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Contains pulmonary airways and lungs
  • Gas exchange
20
Q

Label the parts of the lower respiratory tract

A
21
Q

Describe the Trachea (windpipe)

A
  • Formed of C shaped cartilage rings with a fibrous tissue-like structure at back
  • The cartilage provides structure and flexibility
22
Q

Where does gas exchange take place with blood stream?

A

Alveoli (air sacks)

23
Q

Where does gas exchange take place with blood stream?

A

Alveoli (air sacks)

24
Q

What is the epiglottis?

A

* Part of the larynx
* Closes off when we swallow to ensure particles don’t enter airways

25
Q

What happens if something does happen to pass through airways?

A

If any small particles happen to get through, it triggers us to cough, the vocal fold (or ligament) opens to expire air and push the particles out of the airways.

26
Q

Describe the lining of trachea

A

Lining the trachea are mucosal membranes comprised of epithelial cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells, and hair-like projections called cilia that move foreign particles up and out of the airway.

27
Q

What does the Conducting zone of respiratory tract do?

A

Directs airflow to where exchange needs to take place (respiratory zone)

27
Q

What does the Conducting zone of respiratory tract do?

A

Directs airflow to where exchange needs to take place (respiratory zone)

28
Q

Name the parts of the Conducting zone of the respiratory tract

A

Trachea
⇓
Primary Bronchi
⇓
Secondary Bronchi
⇓
Tertiary Bronchi
⇓
Smaller Bronchi
⇓
Bronchioles
⇓
Terminal Bronchioles

29
Q

What does the Respiratory zone of the respiratory tract do?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

⇓

Alveoli ducts

⇓

alveolar sacs

⇓

alveoli

29
Q

What does the Respiratory zone of the respiratory tract do?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

⇓

Alveoli ducts

⇓

alveolar sacs

⇓

alveoli

30
Q

Label the parts of the alveoli

A
31
Q

Name all the lobes of the lungs

A

Right Lung Lobes

  • Superior
  • Middle
  • inferior

Left Lung lobes

  • superior
  • inferior
32
Q

What is the hilum

A

Site of bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve entry

33
Q

Describe the Pleural cavity, fluid & membranes

A
  • Each lung is covered by thin membrane called visceral pleura
  • Inner chest wall covered by parietal pleura
  • Pleural fluid sits between the two layers
  • “Pleural linkage” acts to connect the lungs to chest wall
  • The pleural membranes and fluid are integral to allow the expansion of the ribcage to translate to expansion of the lungs.
    *

SPHY102 Anatomy and Physiology (18 decks)

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