Week 3 Respiratory System Flashcards
Why do we need to breathe?
For survival
To get oxygen into our lungs, bloodstream and cells
To breathe out carbon dioxide to maintain correct pH level
What is Pulmonary ventilation?
Getting oxygen into our lungs
What is External respiration?
Getting oxygen into our bloodstream
What is Internal respiration?
Getting oxygen into our cells
What is the function of the respiratory system? (three things)
- To provide for gas exchange Moving air in and out of the lungs
- Allows for our sense of smell
- Allows us to produce sound (necessary for speech)
What are the Main structural features of respiratory system? (three things)
- Airways
- Lungs (alveoli)
- Respiratory Muscles
What are sinuses? (two things)
- Little holes or air pockets in the skull connected to the nasal cavity
- Helps to make head lighter
What are the two main parts of the Structure of our airways?
Upper Respiratory Tract
Lower Respiratory Tract
What forms the Upper Respiratory Tract?
- Sinuses
- Nose
- Nasal Cavity
- Pharynx
What forms the Lower Respiratory Tract?
- Larynx
- Trachea
- Bronchus
- Bronchioles
What are the Breathing Apparatus and Subdivisions? (Three parts)
- Pulmonary apparatus = Lungs and airways
- Chest wall = Rib cage wall, abdominal wall, diaphragm, and abdominal content
- Pulmonary –chest wall unit
What are the parts of the Structure of nose and nasal cavity?
* Sinuses
* Nasal conchae (or terbinates) - superior, middle and inferior
* External nares (nostrils)
* Hard palate
* Soft palate
* Internal nares (choanae)
* Nasal Cavity
What is the Function of nose and nasal cavity? (Three things)
- Primary passageway for air entering the respiratory system
- Narrow passageway between conchae (meatuses) ensures air comes into contact with the nasal mucosa
- Warms and humidifies air, removes dust and bacteria, cilia sweeps debris to pharynx
What is the Function of tonsils?
To combat infection
What is the Function of tonsils?
To combat infection
What is the Structure and Function of the Pharynx?
Passageway for air entering the respiratory system
What is the Structure and Function of the Pharynx?
Passageway for air entering the respiratory system
What are the main parts of the pharynx? (x3)
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Name the tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsil (adenoid) Palatine and lingual tonsils
What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?
- Contains pulmonary airways and lungs
- Gas exchange
Label the parts of the lower respiratory tract
Describe the Trachea (windpipe)
- Formed of C shaped cartilage rings with a fibrous tissue-like structure at back
- The cartilage provides structure and flexibility
Where does gas exchange take place with blood stream?
Alveoli (air sacks)
Where does gas exchange take place with blood stream?
Alveoli (air sacks)
What is the epiglottis?
* Part of the larynx
* Closes off when we swallow to ensure particles don’t enter airways
What happens if something does happen to pass through airways?
If any small particles happen to get through, it triggers us to cough, the vocal fold (or ligament) opens to expire air and push the particles out of the airways.
Describe the lining of trachea
Lining the trachea are mucosal membranes comprised of epithelial cells, mucus-secreting goblet cells, and hair-like projections called cilia that move foreign particles up and out of the airway.
What does the Conducting zone of respiratory tract do?
Directs airflow to where exchange needs to take place (respiratory zone)
What does the Conducting zone of respiratory tract do?
Directs airflow to where exchange needs to take place (respiratory zone)
Name the parts of the Conducting zone of the respiratory tract
Trachea
⇓
Primary Bronchi
⇓
Secondary Bronchi
⇓
Tertiary Bronchi
⇓
Smaller Bronchi
⇓
Bronchioles
⇓
Terminal Bronchioles
What does the Respiratory zone of the respiratory tract do?
Respiratory bronchioles
⇓
Alveoli ducts
⇓
alveolar sacs
⇓
alveoli
What does the Respiratory zone of the respiratory tract do?
Respiratory bronchioles
⇓
Alveoli ducts
⇓
alveolar sacs
⇓
alveoli
Label the parts of the alveoli
Name all the lobes of the lungs
Right Lung Lobes
- Superior
- Middle
- inferior
Left Lung lobes
- superior
- inferior
What is the hilum
Site of bronchi, blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerve entry
Describe the Pleural cavity, fluid & membranes
- Each lung is covered by thin membrane called visceral pleura
- Inner chest wall covered by parietal pleura
- Pleural fluid sits between the two layers
- “Pleural linkage” acts to connect the lungs to chest wall
- The pleural membranes and fluid are integral to allow the expansion of the ribcage to translate to expansion of the lungs.
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