Week 8 Skeletal & Integumentary Disorders Flashcards
the ___ bones comprised of the skull, vertebrae, thorax, and hyoid bone make up the ____
80
axial skeleton
the ___ bones comprised of the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities make up the ____
126
appendicular skeleton
functions of the skeletal system (5)
support / internal framework
protection
movement
storage / homeostasis of blood calcium
hematopoiesis
slow-onset loss of bone density which occurs throughout the skeleton and predisposes a patient to fractures
osteoporosis
the leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of ____
estrogen
this type of osteoporosis affects mostly postmenopausal women (but may also affect men)
type I
this type of osteoporosis is caused by aging
type II
inflammation of bone and bone marrow as the result of an infection of pyogenic bacteria
osteomyelitis
abnormal softening of bones in adults due to faulty calcification and also marked by a deficiency in calcium and phosphate; may result from vitamin D deficiency
osteomalacia
a disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D resulting in defective bone growth
rickets
condition resulting in swelling and stiffening of the joints
arthritis
may be associated with extravascular edema, poor distribution, and positioning issues
arthritis
inflammation of the bursae
bursitis
bursitis usually lasts about a week with treatment, though recurrence is common (T/F)
true
a break in a bone
fracture
type of fracture which does not protrude through the skin
simple
type of fracture which protrudes through the skin
compound
disorder in which the spinal column exhibits a lateral curvature
scoliosis
the cause of scoliosis is not known (T/F)
true
genetic disorder of bone growth resulting in dwarfism
achondroplasia
characterized by an average height of 4 feet, shorter arms/legs, large head with a prominent forehead, deformed joints, short and stubby fingers and a separation between the third and fourth fingers
achondroplasia
persons with ____ are at risk for sudden death (often during sleep) due to poor muscle tone
achondroplasia
excessive growth (hyperplasia) of the bones of the elderly
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)
causes chronic inflammation, thickening, and softening of the bones; also may cause bowing of the bones
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)
Paget’s disease is caused by an excess of calcium (T/F)
false (idiopathic)
skin and connective tissues beneath it
integument
a cutaneous membrane that is a sheetlike organ composed of the epidermis and the dermis
skin
the skin is the largest organ of the body (T/F)
true
layers of the skin are supported by a thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat called ____
subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)
functions of the skin (5)
protection
temperature regulation
sense organ activity
excretion
synthesis of vitamin D
outermost layer of the skin made up of a thin layer of stratified squamous epithelium
epidermis
layers of the epidermis (3)
stratum corneum (superficial)
strata
stratum basale (deep)
junction that exists between the dermis and the epidermis
dermal-epidermal junction
deeper layer of the skin made up mostly of connective tissue
dermis
layers of the dermis (2)
papillary layer (superficial)
reticular layer (deep)
blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples on the skin
acne
lesion which can cause permanent and serious scarring, most common on the face but can occur in other areas
acne
follicle plugged with sebum
comedo
open comedo
blackhead
closed comedo under the skin
whitehead
solid elevated lesion
papule
dome-shaped lesion containing pus
pustule
temporary red spot left by a healed acne lesion
macule
solid dome-shaped lesion that extends deep into the skin
nodule
saclike lesion containing semisolid mixture
cyst
localized collection of pus walled off by a membrane formed by macrophages
abscess
____ are the result of pyogenic bacteria or some other pathogen, often from open wounds; they can disrupt surrounding tissues because of inflammatory process and/or cause a septic infection
abscesses
sexually transmitted disease that causes skin lesions
syphilis
hard, primary ulcer appearing 2-3 weeks after infection due to syphilis (often occur at the site of the bacterial infection)
chancre
secondary stage of ____ is characterized by ulcerations of the mucous membranes and a reddish or copper-colored skin rash
syphilis
infectious lesion appearing in tertiary syphilis; consists of a central necrotic mass surrounded by inflammation and deterioration of the tissues
gumma
condition of the sebaceous glands of the scalp, face, and trunk causing scaly dry patches and/or dandruff on the scalp; has been linked to fungal infections and immune system abnormalities
seborrheic dermatitis
____ may result in cradle cap or the formation of a thick crust over the scalp
seborrheic dermatitis
inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, red, extremely itchy patches which may ooze inflammatory exudate and may become infected easily
eczema
chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, thickened areas with silvery scales; common on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back
psoriasis
causes skin cells to shed too early and excessive growth of the skin resulting in plaques
psoriasis
skin mole / pigmented epithelial tumor
melanocytic nevus
