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PIMS Pathology II > Week 8 Skeletal & Integumentary Disorders > Flashcards

Week 8 Skeletal & Integumentary Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

the ___ bones comprised of the skull, vertebrae, thorax, and hyoid bone make up the ____

A

80
axial skeleton

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2
Q

the ___ bones comprised of the pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities make up the ____

A

126
appendicular skeleton

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3
Q

functions of the skeletal system (5)

A

support / internal framework
protection
movement
storage / homeostasis of blood calcium
hematopoiesis

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4
Q

slow-onset loss of bone density which occurs throughout the skeleton and predisposes a patient to fractures

A

osteoporosis

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5
Q

the leading cause of osteoporosis is a lack of ____

A

estrogen

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6
Q

this type of osteoporosis affects mostly postmenopausal women (but may also affect men)

A

type I

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7
Q

this type of osteoporosis is caused by aging

A

type II

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8
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow as the result of an infection of pyogenic bacteria

A

osteomyelitis

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9
Q

abnormal softening of bones in adults due to faulty calcification and also marked by a deficiency in calcium and phosphate; may result from vitamin D deficiency

A

osteomalacia

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10
Q

a disease of infants and young children caused by deficiency of vitamin D resulting in defective bone growth

A

rickets

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11
Q

condition resulting in swelling and stiffening of the joints

A

arthritis

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12
Q

may be associated with extravascular edema, poor distribution, and positioning issues

A

arthritis

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13
Q

inflammation of the bursae

A

bursitis

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14
Q

bursitis usually lasts about a week with treatment, though recurrence is common (T/F)

A

true

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15
Q

a break in a bone

A

fracture

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16
Q

type of fracture which does not protrude through the skin

A

simple

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17
Q

type of fracture which protrudes through the skin

A

compound

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18
Q

disorder in which the spinal column exhibits a lateral curvature

A

scoliosis

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19
Q

the cause of scoliosis is not known (T/F)

A

true

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20
Q

genetic disorder of bone growth resulting in dwarfism

A

achondroplasia

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21
Q

characterized by an average height of 4 feet, shorter arms/legs, large head with a prominent forehead, deformed joints, short and stubby fingers and a separation between the third and fourth fingers

A

achondroplasia

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22
Q

persons with ____ are at risk for sudden death (often during sleep) due to poor muscle tone

A

achondroplasia

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23
Q

excessive growth (hyperplasia) of the bones of the elderly

A

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

24
Q

causes chronic inflammation, thickening, and softening of the bones; also may cause bowing of the bones

A

Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)

25
Q

Paget’s disease is caused by an excess of calcium (T/F)

A

false (idiopathic)

26
Q

skin and connective tissues beneath it

A

integument

27
Q

a cutaneous membrane that is a sheetlike organ composed of the epidermis and the dermis

A

skin

28
Q

the skin is the largest organ of the body (T/F)

A

true

29
Q

layers of the skin are supported by a thick layer of loose connective tissue and fat called ____

A

subcutaneous tissue (hypodermis)

30
Q

functions of the skin (5)

A

protection
temperature regulation
sense organ activity
excretion
synthesis of vitamin D

31
Q

outermost layer of the skin made up of a thin layer of stratified squamous epithelium

A

epidermis

32
Q

layers of the epidermis (3)

A

stratum corneum (superficial)
strata
stratum basale (deep)

33
Q

junction that exists between the dermis and the epidermis

A

dermal-epidermal junction

34
Q

deeper layer of the skin made up mostly of connective tissue

A

dermis

35
Q

layers of the dermis (2)

A

papillary layer (superficial)
reticular layer (deep)

36
Q

blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples on the skin

A

acne

37
Q

lesion which can cause permanent and serious scarring, most common on the face but can occur in other areas

A

acne

38
Q

follicle plugged with sebum

A

comedo

39
Q

open comedo

A

blackhead

40
Q

closed comedo under the skin

A

whitehead

41
Q

solid elevated lesion

A

papule

42
Q

dome-shaped lesion containing pus

A

pustule

43
Q

temporary red spot left by a healed acne lesion

A

macule

44
Q

solid dome-shaped lesion that extends deep into the skin

A

nodule

45
Q

saclike lesion containing semisolid mixture

A

cyst

46
Q

localized collection of pus walled off by a membrane formed by macrophages

A

abscess

47
Q

____ are the result of pyogenic bacteria or some other pathogen, often from open wounds; they can disrupt surrounding tissues because of inflammatory process and/or cause a septic infection

A

abscesses

48
Q

sexually transmitted disease that causes skin lesions

A

syphilis

49
Q

hard, primary ulcer appearing 2-3 weeks after infection due to syphilis (often occur at the site of the bacterial infection)

A

chancre

50
Q

secondary stage of ____ is characterized by ulcerations of the mucous membranes and a reddish or copper-colored skin rash

A

syphilis

51
Q

infectious lesion appearing in tertiary syphilis; consists of a central necrotic mass surrounded by inflammation and deterioration of the tissues

A

gumma

52
Q

condition of the sebaceous glands of the scalp, face, and trunk causing scaly dry patches and/or dandruff on the scalp; has been linked to fungal infections and immune system abnormalities

A

seborrheic dermatitis

53
Q

____ may result in cradle cap or the formation of a thick crust over the scalp

A

seborrheic dermatitis

54
Q

inflammatory skin condition characterized by dry, red, extremely itchy patches which may ooze inflammatory exudate and may become infected easily

A

eczema

55
Q

chronic, inflammatory skin condition characterized by red, thickened areas with silvery scales; common on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back

A

psoriasis

56
Q

causes skin cells to shed too early and excessive growth of the skin resulting in plaques

A

psoriasis

57
Q

skin mole / pigmented epithelial tumor

A

melanocytic nevus

PIMS Pathology II (8 decks)

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