Week 2 Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Disorders

Question 1

the right atrioventricular valve is also called the ____

Answer 1

tricuspid valve

Question 2

the left atrioventricular valve is also called the ____

Answer 2

bicuspid or mitral valve

Question 3

5 predisposing factors for cardiovascular disorders

Answer 3

heredity, obesity, diabetes, elevated cholesterol levels, social factors (smoking, substance abuse, stress, diet)

Question 4

smaller arteries that transfer blood to capillaries

Answer 4

arterioles

Question 5

microscopic exchange vessels

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

vessels that collect blood from the capillaries

Answer 6

venules

Question 7

heart muscle

Answer 7

myocardium

Question 8

membrane that surrounds the heart (visceral & parietal)

Answer 8

pericardium

Question 9

innermost layer of the heart that lines the chambers

Answer 9

endocardium

Question 10

the pulmonary ____ valve opens into the pulmonary artery & the aortic ____ valve opens into the aorta

Answer 10

semilunar

Question 11

inflammation of the arteries

Answer 11

arteritis

Question 12

____ is commonly associated with pneumonia, tuberculosis, and autoimmune diseases

Answer 12

arteritis

Question 13

inflammatory disease of the aorta and its branches, most common in young, Asian women

Answer 13

Takayasu’s arteritis

Question 14

arterial inflammation that often begins in the temporal artery

Answer 14

temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)

Question 15

most common form of arteritis

Answer 15

temporal (giant cell) arteritis

Question 16

disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls caused by the presence of large amounts of plaque

Answer 16

arteriosclerosis

Question 17

____ occurs in the inner lining of the artery, the arterioles, or the medial layer of the arteries

Answer 17

arteriosclerosis

Question 18

a form of arteriosclerosis marked by the deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial walls; begins in childhood and is a slow, complex disease

Answer 18

atherosclerosis

Question 19

a localized dilation of a blood vessel

Answer 19

aneurysm

Question 20

abnormal enlargement or bulging of an artery caused by damage to or weakness in the blood vessel wall

Answer 20

aneurysm

Question 21

aneurysms always rupture and are fatal when it happens (T/F)

Answer 21

false

Question 22

most common cerebral aneurysm is the ____

Answer 22

saccular or berry aneurysm

Question 23

inflammatory condition of the veins of the legs in which blood clots form along the walls and valves of the veins

Answer 23

phlebitis

Question 24

may cause ulcers in the skin that heal very slowly and can also cause hardened/thickened skin in the lower legs

Answer 24

chronic phlebitis

Question 25

enlarged veins that are close to the skin’s surface, common in the legs and feet

Answer 25

varicose veins

Question 26

____ are caused by excessive venous pressure that causes the veins to become deformed

Answer 26

varicose veins

Question 27

heart or chamber of the heart increases in size due to a stretching of the muscle fibers in the walls of the chamber; happens when the chamber(s) are routinely overfilled with blood

Answer 27

cardiac dilatation (dilation)

Question 28

cardiac dilatation can cause damage to the ____ and/or ____

Answer 28

septum; heart valves

Question 29

an increase in the size of the heart or a chamber of the heart due to an increase in the size of the muscle fibers

Answer 29

cardiac hypertrophy

Question 30

initially a positive, adaptive response to an increased cardiac workload, but long term effects are detrimental

Answer 30

cardiac hypertrophy

Question 31

cardiac oxygen demands increase as the cells increase in size; may increase due to ____ or ____ reasons

Answer 31

natural; pathological

Question 32

____ in the diseased heart do not increase in size to respond to the increase in the size of the heart

Answer 32

capillary beds

Question 33

inflammation of the inside lining of the heart (may include heart valves or cardiac septum)

Answer 33

endocarditis

Question 34

endocarditis commonly spreads to the ____

Answer 34

kidneys

Question 35

____ may occur when the lining of the heart is damaged from blood clots, an infection after an artificial heart valve implantation, or due to intravenous drug use

Answer 35

endocarditis

Question 36

inflammation of the pericardial sac or the area between the two layers of the pericardium; common causes are infection and blunt force trauma

Answer 36

pericarditis

Question 37

condition associated with pericarditis

Answer 37

cardiac tamponade

Question 38

excessive amount of fluid accumulates in the pericardial sac causing a decrease in blood pressure

Answer 38

cardiac tamponade

Question 39

inflammation of the heart muscle

Answer 39

myocarditis

Question 40

inflammation of the heart

Answer 40

carditis

Question 41

valves form improperly during fetal development

Answer 41

valvular insufficiency (incompetence)

Question 42

narrowing of the valvular orifice

Answer 42

valvular stenosis (stricture)

Question 43

heart valve becomes stretched out of shape and cannot close properly

Answer 43

valvular prolapse

Question 44

infectious disease associated with rheumatic fever that causes damage to the heart valve(s)

Answer 44

rheumatic heart disease

Question 45

rheumatic heart disease commonly causes damage to the ____ valve

Answer 45

mitral

Question 46

a mass of undissolved matter present in the bloodstream

Answer 46

embolus

Question 47

sudden obstruction of a blood vessel by debris

Answer 47

embolism

Question 48

a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel or a cavity of the heart

Answer 48

thrombus

Question 49

the formation or presence of an attached blood clot

Answer 49

thrombosis

Question 50

narrowing of the lumen of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis

Answer 50

coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease)

Question 51

formation of an area of necrosis caused by an obstruction in the coronary artery

Answer 51

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

Question 52

3 changes that contribute to severity of coronary artery disease

Answer 52

-acute plaque changes -blood clots in the coronary artery -spasms of the coronary artery

Question 53

chest pain

Answer 53

angina pectoris

Question 54

myocardial infarction is most commonly caused by ____

Answer 54

a blood clot in the coronary artery

Question 55

occurs when the coronary artery is entirely occluded

Answer 55

acute cardiac failure

Question 56

occurs when a portion of the coronary artery is blocked but blood can still flow to the myocardium

Answer 56

chronic cardiac failure

Question 57

high blood pressure + left ventricle hypertrophy

Answer 57

hypertensive heart disease

Question 58

hypertensive heart disease predisposes patients to ____ which can lead to ____

Answer 58

atherosclerosis; coronary artery disease

Question 59

disease of the heart muscle

Answer 59

cardiomyopathy

Question 60

primary cardiomyopathy has a known cause (T/F)

Answer 60

false (idiopathic)

Question 61

secondary cardiomyopathy has a known cause (T/F)

Answer 61

true

Question 62

cardiac disease due to excessive alcohol consumption

Answer 62

alcoholic cardiomyopathy

Question 63

enlargement of the infant cardiac septum (may lead to congestive heart failure)

Answer 63

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Question 64

infection in myocardium associated with a parasite

Answer 64

parasitic cardiomyopathy

Question 65

results from a lack of flexibility of the walls of the heart chambers

Answer 65

restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 66

heart is unable to pump as much blood as the venous system is supplying

Answer 66

congestive heart failure

Question 67

cardiovascular disease can lead to a buildup of ____ which can neutralize formaldehyde

Answer 67

nitrogenous waste

Question 68

fluid formed in the tissue spaces that returns excess fluid and protein molecules to the blood

Answer 68

lymph

Question 69

largest lymphoid organ that filters blood, destroys worn out red blood cells, salvages iron from hemoglobin, and serves as a blood reservoir

Answer 69

spleen

Question 70

perform biological filtration of lymph on its way to the circulatory system, produce cells and antibodies that function in immunity

Answer 70

lymph nodes

Question 71

masses of lymphoid tissue that protects against bacteria

Answer 71

tonsils

Question 72

endocrine gland located in the mediastinum that functions in the immune system

Answer 72

thymus gland

Question 73

lymphatic system also plays a role in absorbing ____ from the intestine

Answer 73

fats

Question 74

inflammation of the tonsils

Answer 74

tonsillitis

Question 75

may begin as a sore throat or pain with swallowing but can progress into severe respiratory issues

Answer 75

tonsillitis

Question 76

inflammation of the lymph vessels

Answer 76

lymphangitis

Question 77

lymphangitis is generally due to ____ or ____

Answer 77

cellulitis; a skin abscess

Question 78

suggests that an already existing infection is getting worse or can indicate the presence of sepsis

Answer 78

lymphangitis

Question 79

associated with red streaks, pain, fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches

Answer 79

lymphangitis

Question 80

cancer of the lymphatic system

Answer 80

lymphoma

Question 81

____ lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

Answer 81

Hodgkin’s

Question 82

____ lymphoma is characterized by the absence of Reed-Sternberg cells

Answer 82

Non-Hodgkin's

Question 83

an enlargement of the spleen

Answer 83

splenomegaly

Question 84

____ can be caused by a viral/parasitic/bacterial infection, cirrhosis of the liver, inflammation of the gallbladder, cystic fibrosis, anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, or sickle cell anemia

Answer 84

splenomegaly

Question 85

enlargement of the lymph nodes

Answer 85

lymphadenopathy

Question 86

____ is commonly associated with viral infections and respiratory infections in the US; internationally with TB, typhoid fever, and fungal infections

Answer 86

lymphadenopathy