Week 3 Digestive Disorders Flashcards
process consisting of physical and chemical changes that prepare nutrients for absorption
digestion
protein molecules that act as catalysts
enzymes
speed up specific chemical reactions
catalysts
the process by which molecules of amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, are absorbed into the body
absorption
Large, moist, slippery sheet of serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs located in it
peritoneum
structure made of muscle lined with mucous membrane; located behind the nasal cavities and mouth (functions in the respiratory system and digestive system)
pharynx
muscular, mucus-lined tube that connects the pharynx with the stomach; functions in pushing food toward the stomach
esophagus
large, expandable pouch that ingested material enters after it has been chewed, swallowed, and passed through the esophagus; located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity just under the diaphragm
stomach
three parts of the stomach
fundus, body, pylorus
stomach lies in folds called ____ when it is empty
rugae
muscle contractions that push food through the GI tract
peristalsis
the part of the GI tract that includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
small intestine
C-shaped portion of the small intestine that curves around the pancreas
duodenum
small intestine is roughly ___ feet long and functions in ____ and ____
20
digestion and absorption
ingested food changes to a more solid consistency in the ____ as water and salts are reabsorbed
large intestine
material that escapes digestion in the small intestine is acted on by beneficial bacteria from the ____ of the large intestine
microbiome
a wormlike tubular structure that serves as a container for nonpathogenic intestinal bacteria (attached to cecum)
vermiform appendix
sections of the large intestine
cecum
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
substance that reduces large lipid globules into smaller droplets of lipid that are more easily broken down
bile
large, multilobed exocrine gland in the right upper abdominal quadrant, produces bile and has many metabolic functions
liver
hollow sac connected to the common bile duct that stores and concentrates bile
gallbladder
gland located in the abdominal cavity; contains the enzymes that help with digestion
pancreas
inflammation of the gums; common in cases of uncontrolled diabetes, in combination with hormonal changes, and with poor dental hygiene
gingivitis
____ mineralizes into a hard deposit called tartar
plaque
inflammation of the pharynx caused by a bacterial or viral infection
pharyngitis
condition occurring when gastric contents are passively regurgitated into the esophagus; can cause malignancy
esophagitis
inflammation of the stomach lining
gastritis
____ can be from excessive alcohol consumption, prescription drugs, pernicious anemia, autoimmune disorders, bacteria, surgery, injury, burns, or infections
gastritis
a localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membranes
ulcer
____ ulcers are those that occur in the stomach lining or the lining of the small intestine
peptic ulcers
ulcer in the stomach
gastric ulcer
ulcer in the first part of the small intestine
duodenal ulcer
if scar tissue forms on the portion of the stomach that leads into the duodenum, it may narrow the opening and cause a ____
pyloric stenosis
mostly caused by helicobacter pylori (normal microflora); may also be caused by the use of aspirin / ibuprofen
ulcer
if an ulcer perforates and the contents of the digestive tract leak into the abdominal cavity it can cause infection and ____
peritonitis
inflammation of the intestine
enteritis
caused by a bacterial infection by microorganisms ingested in contaminated food or water
enteritis
inflammation of the large intestine; may be acute or chronic
colitis
caused by a lack of blood flow to the large intestine
ischemic colitis
inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
inflamed veins around the lower rectum, often result from straining to go to the bathroom
hemorrhoids
inflammation of the liver; can be caused by a viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection
hepatitis
risk factors for ____ include eating contaminated foods, unprotected sex, IV drug abuse, living in a nursing home, excessive alcohol consumption, organ transplants, AIDS, getting a tattoo, and working in a healthcare setting or funeral home
hepatitis
chronic, degenerative disorder of the liver; may be caused by long-term alcoholism, poisoning, or hepatitis
cirrhosis
formation of gallstones
cholelithiasis
cholelithiasis is more common in men (T/F)
false (women)
inflammation of the gallbladder; may be due to the presence of gallstones
cholecystitis
inflammation of the bile duct
cholangitis
inflammatory process by which the pancreas is digested by its own enzymes; can progress into hemorrhagic or necrotizing varieties
pancreatitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
infection present in abdomen without obvious rupture of an organ
primary peritonitis
infection present in the abdomen from an organ ruptured by the infection
secondary peritonitis
development of small sacs in the wall of the colon; asymptomatic unless they are inflamed
diverticulosis
inflammation of the small sacs in the wall of the colon; can cause gangrene with the potential for perforation
diverticulitis
abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in the wall that normally contains it
hernia
benign tumors of vascular organs containing a stem that attaches the tumor to surrounding tissue; may be surgically removed if they are malignant or if they occlude the organ
polyps
yellow discoloring of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
jaundice (icterus)
symptom caused by an excess of bilirubin in the blood (breakdown product of hemoglobin); normally processed in the liver
jaundice
occurs when the intestine twists on itself
volvulus
one part of the intestine slipping into a previous segment (telescoping)
intussusception
can occur as part of the healing process after an injury to part of the digestive tract
adhesion
associated symptoms include: edema, jaundice, fever, bruising on abdomen, abscesses, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, accumulation of white blood cells, inflammatory exudate in the lungs
pancreatitis
